According to Food Security Agency, food consumption pattern should meet nutrition standards and follow desirable dietary pattern (Pola Pangan Harapan/PPH). PPH is an indicator for nutritional dietary intake. This study aims to analyse food consumption pattern and dietary diversity in Yogyakarta and East Nusa Tenggara; and how they influence food security. The household data survey (Susenas) 2014 showed that PPH scores for Yogyakarta is higher than East Nusa Tenggara. From these scores, Yogyakarta has better food consumption pattern and led to diverse food intake. In Yogyakarta, people have been diversifying their consumption in accordance with the concept of PPH. This means that people have realised to meet their nutrition by consuming nutritious food and help them not only to achieve food security but also nutrition security. Moreover, people have used local-based food to be consumed so that they do not depend on their current food. Meanwhile, in East Nusa Tenggara, people tend to meet their needs regardless their food has good nutrition or not. In addition, dietary diversity or PPH is influenced by some factors, such as education, family size, age of the household head, and expenditure. These results confirm that diverse consumption pattern showed high food security and those factors should be concerned to improve the quality of food consumption.

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding the importance of food security and the agricultural sector. Experiencing positive growth in the Gross Domestic Product during pandemic, the agricultural sector is considered to be the most resilient sector. This study examines changes in the household pattern of food consumption and their current position on food security. It also analyses household adaptation to current health crises. We conduct an online survey from September to October 2020. The coverage areas of this survey are concentrated in Java Island and captured 1,499 households. We calculate the food security index to measure the behavioral changes of household on their food consumption pattern. The index indicates that the majority of households are food secure. However, households with food insecurity generally have multidimensional vulnerabilities on the effects of this pandemic. Our survey has indicated several activities of household resilience to cope with the increase of food prices during pandemic. Urban farming is one of the solutions to access food, and their concerns on food safety, food prices and stimulate the local economy are utmost reasons. People utilized their yards by cultivating short-lived vegetables in small pots or hydroponic method. Given these reasons, the yields of their products do not go to the commercial market, although the potential to enter this market is possible. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the government can respond to the changes that occur in society as a time to support agricultural sustainability, particularly in expanding urban farming.

AbstrakPotensi besar perikanan yang selama ini banyak dimanfaatkan oleh kapal-kapal besar dan mayoritas berkepemilikan asing membawa kesedihan sendiri bagi kedaulatan maritim Indonesia. Pasalnya, masyarakat nelayan Indonesia yang lebih banyak berprofesi sebagai nelayan kapal-kapal kecil belum dapat bersaing secara teknologi dan peralatan penangkapan sehingga pemanfaatan hasil laut tidak dioptimalkan. Sebagai salah satu solusi dalam menjawab permasalahan tersebut, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan mengeluarkan kebijakan moratorium (pelarangan sementara) bagi kapal-kapal asing dalam beroperasi di perairan Indonesia. Adanya kebijakan ini tentu saja berdampak bagi nelayan, operasionalisasi usaha pengolahan ikan, maupun kondisi ekonomi daerah. Untuk itu penelitian ini ingin melihat berbagai dampak yang terjadi dengan adanya kebijakan moratorium khususnya di Kota Bitung. Mengingat Bitung merupakan salah satu kota dengan kontribusi sektor perikanan yang besar bagi perekonomian daerah. Selain itu, banyak perusahaan-perusahaan pengolahan yang beroperasi di kota tersebut. Artikel ini bersumber dari penelitian, Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Sumber daya Kelautan dan Perikanan Dalam Konteks Global: Infrastruktur Pendukung Peningkatan Daya Saing Sektor Perikanan". Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara primer maupun sekunder. Implikasi kebijakan moratorium ternyata menimbulkan efek langsung baik bagi nelayan, pelaku usaha (UPI) maupun kondisi di Pelabuhan Perikanan Bitung. Bagi nelayan ini menjadi titik tolak peningkatan kesejahteraan, namun di sisi lain pelaku usaha menyebabkan terganggunya operasionalisasi perusahaan dan menurunnya kebutuhan logistik terutama bahan bakar. Kebijakan ini merupakan salah satu cara mewujudkan kedaulatan maritim, keberpihakan pada nelayan kecil, dan yang terpenting menjaga ekosistem laut agar dapat dimanfaatkan bagi generasi mendatang.

This paper aims to test the impact of uncertainty on the causal relationship among exports, imports, and economic growth in Indonesia. The relationship is constructed by examining the presence of FDI-adjusted exports and imports (trade) and the output link using conditional variances-covariances derived from the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) process in a vector error correction model (VEC-GARCH model). Using evidence in Indonesia, the model exposes the uni-directional nexus from trade performance to trade-adjusted output growth in the absence of uncertainty. The volatility effects are evident in the causal relationship between trade and output. The finding shows that the uncertainty effects hamper the trade-economic growth nexus. Incorporated with the long-run causality, trade still causes output even after containing the contributions of volatility. The significant role of imports highlights the higher demand for intermediate capital products and the inclusion of technology in strengthening economic growth.