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Background: Cigarette smoking is a global health risk, causing increased health-care costs and loss of productivity among a number of age groups.Tobacco use in Africa, including Ethiopia, has attracted little attention, including among students. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its associated risk factors among students of Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science.Methods: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its associated risk factors among students of Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science. The team used systematic random sampling by determining the k value jumping some of the students from source population based on k intervals.The data was cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and STATA version 12. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with cigarette smoking. Presence of confounders and interaction effects was investigated by computing relative changes on ß coefficients at a cut-off point of 15%. Results and conclusion:The prevalence of cigarette smoking among students was 20.6% (95%CI: 0.61, 0.25). Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with students year of education (AOR=6.02; 95% CI: 2.09, 7.35), ever chewing Khat (AOR=20.99; 95% CI: 1.84, 4.3), age at start of smoking (AOR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.23, 6.12), ever drink alcohol (AOR=4.99; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.43) and receiving information about harmful effects of smoking cigarettes (AOR=4.99; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.43). Year of education, health education information, ever chewing Khat, ever drinking alcohol and age at start of smoking were significant factors for cigarette smoking. We recommend that students >20 years old be targeted with health education campaign focused on harmful effects of smoking tobacco.

Background: Worldwide 20 million unsafe abortions took place each year as a result of unintended pregnancies, with 95% of these performed in developing countries. Ethiopia ranks fifth in the number of maternal deaths in the world and about two third of these deaths are due to unsafe abortions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pregnancy termination and associated factors among women of reproductive age group in Ethiopia using 2011 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey. Methods:A secondary data was used to determine the prevalence of pregnancy termination and associated factors among women of reproductive age group in Ethiopia. Women in the age group of 15-49 years who had terminated pregnancy five years preceding the survey were included. The data were cleaned, coded and analyzed using Stata version 12. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with termination of pregnancy. Presence of confounders and interaction effects was investigated by computing relative changes on ß coefficients at a cutoff point 15%.Results: The prevalence of termination of pregnancy was 9% among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia. Maternal media exposure (AOR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.43), age of women (AOR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.36, 4.05), contraceptive non-user (AOR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.67) and occupational status of the husband (AOR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.42) were positively associated factors with termination of pregnancy. Conclusion:Considerable proportion of women practiced termination of pregnancy. Maternal mass media exposure, contraceptive use, women occupation, marital status, age of women and husband occupation were the main factors for pregnancy termination. Emphasis needs to be given on access to family planning, mass media exposure, health education on consequences of early marriage and creating job opportunities.particularly in settings where there is poor access to hospital and medical care. When infection spreads upwards through the genital tract, causing damage to the fallopian tubes and pelvic inflammatory disease may develop. This condition causes pain and discomfort and if left untreated, can result in chronic pelvic pain and secondary infertility [5].Reports from other areas revealed that women over the world are highly to have a pregnancy termination when faced with an unplanned pregnancy [6]. Abortion laws vary significantly across the world in different countries, with some countries prohibition abortion entirely, some allowing abortion only to save the life of the mother and others allowing abortion with no restrictions related to reason [7].Worldwide, 60% of women of reproductive age group (15-44) live in countries where abortion is broadly legal [8]. In many developing