ABSTRACT. We conducted SSR analyses of 59 accessions, including 29 traditional plum (Prunus domestica), 24 sweet cherry (Prunus avium), and 1 sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) selected from East Anatolian gene sources and 3 plum and 2 cherry reference accessions for molecular characterization and investigation of genetic relationships. Eight SSR loci [1 developed from the apricot (UDAp-404), 4 from the peach (UDP96-010, UDP96-001, UDP96-019, Pchgms1) and 3 from the cherry (UCD-CH13, UCD-CH17, UCD-CH31) genome] for plum accessions and 9 SSR loci [5 developed from the cherry (PS12A02, UCD-CH13, UCD-CH17, UCD-CH31, UCD-CH21), 3 from the peach (Pchgms1, UDP96-001, UDP96-005) and 1 from the plum (CPSCT010) genome] for cherry accessions were used for genetic identification. A total of 66 and 65 alleles were obtained in the genetic analyses of 31 East Anatolian plum and cherry plum and 28 cherry accessions, respectively. The number of alleles revealed by SSR analysis ranged from 4 to 14 alleles per locus, with a mean value of 8.25 in plum accessions, and from 5 to 10 alleles per locus with a mean value of 7.2 in cherry accessions. Only one case of synonym was identified among the cherry accessions, while no case of synonym was observed among the plum accessions. Genomic SSR markers used in discrimination of plum and cherry accessions showed high cross-species transferability in the Prunus genus. Because of their appreciable polymorphism and cross species transferability, the SSR markers that we evaluated in this study will be useful for studies involving fingerprinting of cherry and plum cultivars.

ÖZET: Fitokimyasallar, bitkilerde doğal olarak bulunan ve biyolojik olarak aktif olan kimyasal bileşiklerdir. Bitkilerde doğal bir savunma sistemi olarak görev yapmalarının yanı sıra renk, aroma ve tattan da sorumludurlar. Bugüne kadar 8000'den fazla fitokimyasal tanımlanmış ve fonksiyonları ve kaynaklarına göre farklı şekillerde sınıflandırılmıştır. En yaygın sınıflandırma; flavanoidler, fito-östrojenler, fitosteroller ve karotenoidler şeklinde olup, bunların da alt grupları bulunmaktadır. Fitokimyasallar, son yıllarda sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkileri ve özellikle bazı kanser türleri ve kalp hastalıklarına karşı koruyucu olmalarıyla dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bileşiklerin sağlık açısından en önemli etkisi, vücutta serbest oksijen molekülleri ve serbest radikallerle reaksiyona giren antioksidanlar gibi işlev görmeleridir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, sofralık, kurutmalık, şaraplık ve şıralık olarak geniş bir yelpazede tüketilen üzümlerin fitokimyasal içerik yönünden incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

The objective of this study was to determine a spraying program that will be more effective in the control of powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe necator Schw. The research was conducted in the producer's vineyard of 4 da using Karaerik grape cultivar under naturally infected conditions with the disease in Üzümlü district of Erzincan province in 2015. The trial was established in a randomized block design with five replicates. In the study, applications were made according to Program A, Program B, and Program C which contain different spraying time and intervals for disease control. Based on these results, the most successful program for disease control was determined after evaluating the effects of spraying programs on a disease. Collis SC, BASF with an active ingredient of 100 g/l Kresoxim-Methyl + 200 g/l Boscalid was used for all spraying programs. As a result of the evaluations, the efficiency of applications was determined as %56.13 for Program A, %71.86 for Program B, %77.85 for Program C in leaf and %61 for Program A, %85.06 for Program B, %91.25 for Program C in fruit.

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