A 3-year-old boy presented with the complaints of watery discharge from an opening in the right-hand side of neck on and off since birth. There was no history of trauma or operation.

Transvagival sonography is superior to transabdominal sonography in most cases of pelvic pathology. Objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in pre, peri and post menopausal women suspected to have endometrial carcinoma. This cross sectional study was done with 40 patients who are clinically suspected having thickened endometrium. The study was carried out January 2007 to November 2008 for a period of two years. The patients having endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by TVS was correlated with histopathological diagnosis following collection of the report from the respective cases. Of total 40 cases, 2(5.0%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 38(95.0%) were negative for endometrial carcinoma respectively in TVS findings. On the other hand 3(7.5%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 37 (92.5%) cases were negative for endometrial carcinoma in histopathological findings. The validity of TVS in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma were studied by calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, which were 67 percent, 100 percent, 98 percent, 100 percent and 97 percent respectively. As the TVS findings of the present study correlated well with the histopathology findings and the validity test values were higher than observed by others, it can be concluded that TVS is sensitive and accurate modality in the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v20i2.10543 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2011; 20(2): 159-167

Introduction: The frequent and widespread use of imaging in clinical practice, particularly CT, has led to a steep increase in incidental ndings of asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodules. In this situation, histocytopathological analysis is needed to conrm the diagnosis by CTguided biopsy / FNAC. So, the researcher purposively, designed this study. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of CT-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Core Needle Biopsies of Solitary Lung Lesions. CT-uoroscopy guidance helps in this process by accurate needle positioning thus increase the success rate. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Radiology & Imaging in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, during January 2017 to January 2019.Atotal of 270 patients who were referred to the Department of Radiology& Imaging for the evaluation of suspicious solitary lung lesions after the detection of a solitary pulmonary nodule in X-ray or CT scan, were included in this study. The results of CT uoroscopy–guided biopsy and FNAC for the included patients were analyzed to determine the diagnostic accuracy, complication rates, and independent risk factors for diagnostic failure and severe pneumothorax in this study. The factors related to the patients' solitary lesions, and procedures were evaluated by univariate analyses using the twosided Student t test for numeric values and Chi-squared test for categorical values where p<0.05 considered as signicant. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS, version-23.0.Results: Diagnostic accuracy rate was 95.86%, failure was 4.14%, the overall sensitivity was 92.96%, specicity was 85.23% and the statistically signicant risk factors wereage (p=0.001), sex(p=0.001), smoking stats(p=0.001) emphysema(p=0.001),benign lesions(p=0.001),positioning of the patient for the procedure(p=0.001),location of the lesion(p=0.001) lesion size(p=0.001) pneumothorax (p=0.001) and length from the pleura to the lesion of 1.5 cm or greater,(p=0.001).Pneumothorax requiring drainage occurred in 1.48% of patients. The potential risk factors for pneumothorax requiring drainage were age of 73 years, the presence of emphysema, lesion size ≤ 2.0 cm and length from pleura to lesion of ≥ 1.5 cm. The major complications were being observed pneumothorax 15(5.63%), haemoptysis16 (6.01%), and hemothorax 03(1.12%).Conclusion: CT-Fluoroscopy Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and biopsy has a high diagnostic accuracy; complication rates were acceptable and comparable to those of previous studies.

Langerhans cells histiocytosis (LCH) or histiocytosis-X is a rare group diseases that includes three overlapping diseases of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (HSC), Letterer-Siwe disease (LS)and Eosinophilic granuloma(EG). It results from clonal proliferation of histiocytes having similar morphology and immunophenotype to Langerhans cells in skin and mucosa Though head and neck manifestation is common, isolated simultaneous bilateral temporal bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis is an extremely rare presentation. Having same otological menifestations, high resolution CT scan is advocated for early identification and differentiation of LCH from other common conditions such as mastoidits,otitis externa ,chronic suppurative otitis media. Diagnosis of LCH is confirmed by biopsy and immunohistochemical staining of S-100 protein and or CD1a antigen. Chemotherapy is main mode of treatment.The prognosis is worse when presenting age of children is younger than 2 years. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 68-72