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It is important to accurately assess the thermal defect state of equipment to ensure its safe operation. A novel thermal defect detection method called the square even-order derivative method is proposed. First, the derivative functions of temperature were constructed to investigate the main-side-peak characteristics of the derivative curve, and the mathematical expressions for the position, depth, intensity of the defects, and parameters of the derivative curve were deduced, which can be used to quantitatively detect the defects. Then, numerical and experimental analyses of an example case of defected epoxy resin plates were carried out to verify that thermal defects can be effectively and accurately detected by the proposed method. Finally, the method was applied to a vehicle cable to detect its thermal defects in another example case of defected vehicle cable, which preliminarily validated the feasibility of the proposed method in practical applications.

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This study analyses domestic market integration's (DMI's) dynamic influence on regional economic growth in China. The authors construct a matrix of annual DMI indices for 29 provinces for 1997-2015. They calculate the reciprocal matrix and combine it with the b-convergence model and spatial econometrics to analyse the relationships between DMI and regional economic growth. Their findings indicate that the relation between these two variables is not straightforward, and 2004 was a tipping-point year. Before 2004, the statistical relationship between DMI and regional economic growth was downward sloping, which suggests a trend of divergence and negative spillover effects across the 29 provinces. After 2004, the relationship between DMI and regional economic growth becomes positive: increased DMI now is strengthening (regional) economic growth. The authors provide the possible explanations for the unstable relationship combined with China's reality as well.