Objective: The bark of walnut is currently poorly understood and is not represented in the Russian State Pharmacopeia. The purpose was to study the quality indicators medicinal plants walnut crust and extracts therefrom were studied: moisture content, total ash, ash insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid feedstock walnut crust; content of tannins and juglone in walnut crust; GC-mass spectrometric study of the composition petroleum extract from the bark of a walnut. Materials and Methods: Microscopy was prepared by the pharmacopoeial method. The chemical composition of the petroleum extract was investigated by chromatomass spectrometry. Results: The content of glycosides amount in terms of gidroyuglone glucoside and absolutely dry RL was 5.30 ± 0.15. Humidity was 9,41% ± 0,21. total ash content was 10,18% ± 0,1. The ash content insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid was 4.8 ± 0.16. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in petroleum extraction from the bark of walnut were identified following compounds: oktadetsilgeksanoat (28%) of 4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-2-cyclohexenol-1 (38%), cineole (1,6%), thujone (0.7%), camphor (16.6%), 2benzamidoantrahinone (0.45%), 4,5-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1 (2H)-naftalenon (6.4%) ethyl ester of palmitic acid (8.25%) Toxic effects petroleum extract was TD 50 = 2,5. Chronic absent. All mice in the experimental group had diarrhea. It was established that the extraction has petroleum anthelmintic properties at askaridioze. Conclusions: The analysis of petroleum extraction from walnut partitions was carried out, the content of basic biologically active substances was revealed. The main anatomical and diagnostic signs of walnut bark walls were studied.

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Background: This review focuses on characterization of Cyclamen coum Mill. (Myrsinaceae), composition and content of biologically active substances presented in the above-ground and underground parts, reporting use of this plant in traditional medicine, predicting possible pharmacotherapeutic effects. Materials and Methods: Various electronic search engines such as Google, Google scholar, scientific literature, electronic databases such as e-Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed had been searched and data obtained. Results: Cyclamen L. is classified in the Myrsinaceae family now. It is a typical element of the Mediterranean flora. C. coum. is a species characteristic of the Caucasus and Crimea with rounded leaves and rounded corolla lobes, bright and pink-purple flowers. Chemical composition of biologically active substances of C. coum was described in sufficient detail. C. coum contains saponins (coumoside A, coumoside B, cyclaminorin, deglucocyclamin, cyclacoumin, and mirabilin lactone), sterols (stigmasterol and other related compounds), piperidine alkaloid (2-β-D-glycopyranosyl-2-undecil-3,5-dihydroxy-6-carboxypiperidine), flavonoids, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities are established for different C. coum extracts. Conclusion: C. coum can be used for the production of potential anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It should be noted that more pharmacognostic, pharmacological studies are needed for providing further information to use this medicinal plant in the official medicine. Also, standardization procedures for a crude herbal drug should be developed.

Different types of search tools such as Google scholar, Google, scientific literature, normative documentation of Russian Federation (State Pharmacopoeia of Russian Federation IV edition and others) electronic databases such as e-Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed had been searched and data obtained. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characterization of polyfructans Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) (oligofructose)-a mixture of oligomers, which contain from 1 to 7 moieties of D-fructose, and as a rule, terminal D-glucose. FOS is obtained in two ways: by splitting inulin and by enzymatic transfer of fructose to sucrose (transfructosylation). Oligofructose, like inulin, belongs to water-soluble dietary fiber and is prebiotic, and a mixture of these compounds, which is also often called fructooligosaccharides, has more effective prebiotic properties. Polyfructans (fructosans, Pfrus) are carbohydrate polymers formed by a sucrose molecule, an extended chain of fructose moieties. In nature, Pfrus are found in bacteria, fungi, and plants in which they perform various ABSTRACT Background: Today, there are some unresolved issues and discussions concerning inulin quantitative determination in medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM). MPRM containing polyfructans or fructosans (inulin and others) are rather complex multicomponent matrixes with many interacting compounds. The article discusses the prospects for further standardization of inulin-containing pharmacopoeial MPRM that include, in addition to polysaccharides (inulin), other biologically active compounds with pharmacological activity. Materials and Methods: Different types of search tools such as Google scholar, Google, scientific literature, normative documentation of Russian Federation (State Pharmacopoeia of Russian Federation IV edition and others) electronic databases such as e-Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed had been searched and data obtained. Results: The pharmacopoeial spectrophotometric procedures of inulin determination in the Russian Federation are approved in a version that does not fully satisfy modern standardization criteria. Regulatory changes required in the near future. Conclusion: Undoubtedly, to determine inulin quantitatively, it is necessary to modify the existing spectrophotometric procedures and introduce an additional alternative, more specific HPLC-RID (or similar) ones.

Introduction. The creation of new highly effective drugs requires a thorough study of the metabolome of plant raw materials and a comparative phytochemical study of the underground organs of closely related species of Rumex, such as: R. crispus, R. obtusifolius and R. aquaticus, ubiquitous in Russia. It was noted that they have a metabolome like the official R. confertus, which in turn confirms the potential for studying these species. Of scientific and practical interest is the study of the dynamics of accumulation of the leading group of biologically active substances – anthracene derivatives, depending on the phenological phases of plant development.Aim. Identify and quantify anthracene derivatives in the underground organs of R. confertus, R. crispus, R. obtusifolius and R. aquaticus harvested in three different phases of vegetation.Materials and methods. Extracts from the underground organs of the studied plants obtained according to the method from the pharmacopoeial article on R. confertus were used as the analyzed solutions. The solutions were analyzed on a Nexera-i LC-2040 chromatograph (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan) equipped with a column and sample thermostat, a degasser, and an autosampler using an individually selected mobile phase elution gradient (0.1 % phosphoric acid/acetonitrile solution). Primary data were processed using LabSolutions Single LC software (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). Compounds from the group of anthracene derivatives were identified by retention times. Detection was carried out using a UV detector with a dynamic change in the absorption wavelength during analysis from 365 ± 2 nm to 254 ± 2 nm.Results and discussion. Alcohol-water extracts were obtained from the underground organs of Rumex. An elution gradient was selected for the simultaneous determination of 5 anthracene derivatives with a single analysis time of 40 minutes. These chromatographic conditions made it possible to identify and quantify the content of emodin, 8-O-β-D-glucoside of emodin, and chrysophanol in the underground organs of R. confertus, R. crispus, R. obtusifolius and R. aquaticus in three different vegetations. Glycosides of anthracene derivatives: glucofrangulin A and frangulin A were not found in the studied objects.Conclusion. Anthracene derivatives were isolated from the underground organs of different vegetations, a method for the quantitative determination of anthracene derivatives in alcohol-water extracts was developed, emodin, 8-O-β-D-glucoside of emodin and chrysophanol were found and quantified.