Interpersonal differences in facial animation are observed. Classifying glabellar wrinkles allows accurate treatment with botulinum toxin, injecting the most commonly recruited muscles with higher doses or into more sites. Muscles not so recruited are spared or injected with lower doses for more-effective and -natural results. Although botulinum toxin blockade causes recruitment of adjacent muscles, the initial muscle contraction pattern is resumed when the effect wanes.

The classification and the staged therapeutic plan for acne scarred patients facilitated treatment and improved outcomes and may allow development of protocols by comparing results among different authors.

No abstract

Previous injections of BoNTA improve short- and long-term results of chemabrasion in the upper lip region.

No abstract