Questions for the authorsQuestions for the authors can be sent to:hasan.bakhshi@nesta.org.uk (Hasan Bakhshi) jd@robots. ox.ac.uk (Jonathan M. Downing) mosb@robots.ox.ac.uk (Michael A. Osborne) The contents of this paper and the opinions expressed herein are those of the Authors alone.ISBN: 978-0-992-42595-1 ABOUT PEARSONPearson is the world's learning company. We're experts in educational course ware and assessment, and provide teaching and learning services powered by technology. We believe that learning opens up opportunities, creating fulfilling careers and better lives. So it's our mission to help people make progress in their lives through learning. ABOUT NESTANesta is a global innovation foundation. We back new ideas to tackle the big challenges of our time, making use of our knowledge, networks, funding and skills. We work in partnership with others, including governments, businesses and charities. We are a UK charity that works all over the world, supported by a financial endowment.To find out more visit www.nesta.org.uk. ABOUT THE OXFORD MARTIN SCHOOLThe Oxford Martin School at the University of Oxford is a world-leading centre of pioneering research that addresses global challenges. We invest in research that cuts across disciplines to tackle a wide range of issues such as climate change, disease and inequality. We support novel, high risk and multidisciplinary projects that may not fit within conventional funding channels. We do this because breaking boundaries can produce results that could dramatically improve the wellbeing of this and future generations. We seek to make an impact by taking new approaches to global problems, through scientific and intellectual discovery, by developing policy recommendations and working with a wide range of stakeholders to translate them into action. www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.ukTwitter: @oxmartinschool Facebook: /oxfordmartinschool