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Determining when and where flood strikes can be a daunting task. Apart from heavy and prolonged rainfalls and river overflows, there are anthropogenic causal factors of flooding. These anthropogenic factors are significantly variable and exacerbate floods, but may be difficult to measure. This study aims to unravel some of the anthropogenic factors, particularly with respect to their contributions to the flood in Ibadan City on 26 August 2011. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The August 2011 Ibadan flood was perhaps the worst in the history of this ancient city. Twelve anthropogenic factors are broadly identified as having contributed to the flood and the flood had five major consequences. Some policy implications that can help prevent future flood occurrence are outlined.

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Land use, air pollution, and climate change are closely related. This article analysed the contributions of urban land use to ambient air quality in Bahir Dar and Hawassa cities. A total of 32 geo-referenced locations, 16 each in Bahir Dar and Hawassa, representing different land uses, were assessed for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and volatile organic compound (VOC). CO 2 concentration (ppm) for Bahir Dar and Hawassa ranged from 385.10 ± 15.34 ppm (recreational land use) to 555.50 ± 80.79 ppm (commercial land use) and 388.07 ± 19.79 ppm (recreational land use) to 444.50 ± 54.05 ppm (industrial land use), respectively, whereas mean concentration of CO was 0.01 ± 0.01 ppm (recreational land use) to 2.59 ± 0.69 ppm (circulation land use) and 0.12 ± 0.11 ppm (recreational land use) to 4.66 ± 1.41 ppm (circulation land use), respectively. The VOC values were 882.10 ± 147.05 ppm (residential land use) to 1436.00 ± 932.06 ppm (institutional land use) and 1377.30 ± 233.23 ppm (institutional land use) to 2132.33 ± 739.71 ppm (circulation land use). Inadequate monitoring, occasioned by dearth of equipment, poor urban management strategy, fossil fuel combustion, and aged vehicles were some of the factors responsible for the observed concentrations. Elevated levels of CO, CO 2 , and VOC in the atmosphere have a significant impact on global warming, with adverse effects on human health. Capacity for monitoring, analysis, reporting, and validation of air quality data in the cities should be strengthened.

This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey of households and housing facilities carried out in 2007 in six wards of Ondo city in Ondo State of Nigeria. A total of 421 (2.39%) residential buildings were sampled. The study revealed that domestic conflict occurs most in tenement buildings where residents have to share facilities and amenities. This paper examines the nature, causes, and consequences of domestic conflict among residents and the methods of resolving such conflicts. It argues that indigenous strategies of conflict management work best in traditional societies and advocates their application in settlements with similar indigenous culture.