With the expansion of the application range of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, a GNSS receiver has been used as a navigation system for diverse means of transportation (e.g., automobile, ship, and aircraft), and has also been used as a time and frequency synchronization system for various communication systems (e.g., smartphone) or electric power systems. In addition, the application range includes various military weapon systems that require high precision time, frequency, and navigation such as military communication system and precision guided munition. Recently, a GNSS receiver is also

A multi-band antenna, which consists of a diversity antenna in the DCS/PCS/UMTS bands and a MIMO antenna in the LTE17/LTE4 bands, is proposed and designed for mobile handset applications. The proposed antenna consists of the meandered PIFAs with branch lines. The radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna is higher than 30% in the LTE17/LTE4 bands and higher than 40% in the DCS/PCS/UMTS bands. The ECC between two identical antennas is less than 0.5 over the entire LTE17/LTE4/DCS/PCS/ UMTS bands.