Biodentine appears to be a suitable material for direct pulp capping under clinical conditions. However, long-term follow-up studies and controlled trials involving a large sample size are warranted.

Complex root canal system with atypical variations is a common finding among mandibular premolars. Endodontic treatment in these teeth may not be successful due to the failure to recognise and treat multiple canals. This paper presents endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three roots and three canals.

The aim of the study was, to assess the influence of a knee brace on the development of anterior instability after anterior cruciate ligament rupture and to test aptitude for physical strain. 46 subjects with arthroscopically proven anterior cruciate ligament rupture were divided equally in a randomised order into two groups. Both groups carried out a standardized physical therapy program, while one group (0) received additional stabilization by means of a functional knee brace (SofTec, Bauerfeind). In addition, important features of the brace (stabilization capacity, safety perception and physical performance) were tested and compared to the non-braced contralateral leg among 23 healthy physical education students by means of a standardized scaled questionnaire (observational study). 0 showed lower (p < 0.05) development of the anterior instability by 46 % and lower (p < 0.05) reduction in circumference of the femur muscles by 25 %. Increasing the time interval between accident and beginning of the brace treatment, increased the difference of the therapeutical effect of the brace. In the observational study, the brace received a better evaluation regarding all test parameters. The reduction of developing anterior instability by means of a brace should facilitate - apart from an individual operation-time-arrangement - especially a conservative approach within the framework of anterior instability and physical activity. Aside from the improvement of the mechanical stabilization, indications for suitability in strain situations could be detected for the tested brace.

Aims:The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of various irrigation regiments on the push out bond strength of MTA Fillapex sealer to dentin.

The incidence of a two palatal rooted maxillary second molar has rarely been seen in literature [1]. Libfeld and Rotstein, in a radiographic survey done on 1200 teeth, reported a 0.4% incidence of four rooted maxillary second molars. Christie reported 14 cases of maxillary second molars with two palatal roots in a period of 40 years. Slowey reported a maxillary molar with two palatal roots [2]. A precise radiographic examination alerts the clinician to the presence of a varied root canal anatomy. A surgical operating microscope has been found to be particularly useful, as it gives the clinician the opportunity to distinguish microstructures that are not distinctly seen with the naked eye [3].A 32-year-old, female with a non contributory medical history was referred to the Department of Endodontics, Hitkarini Dental College, Jabalpur, with spontaneous pain in maxillary right posterior teeth, which aggravated on chewing and thermal stimuli since the past 3 days. Clinical examination revealed a fixed partial denture (FDP) involving second premolar and second molar as abutments [Table/ Fig-1]. Cold vitality testing done on maxillary second molar caused severe lingering pain. The FPD was removed under local anaesthesia and the teeth were temporized. Second molar still revealed severe tenderness to percussion and a premature response to electric stimulation on the next day. A diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with apical periodontitis was made. An access cavity was prepared under local anaesthesia after rubber dam isolation. A clinical examination done with a DG 16 explorer revealed four orifices (mesoibuccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal and distopalatal). The access cavity was modified to a square shape, to clearly expose the distopalatal orifice. The working length was determined using an apex locator (Root ZX; Morita). Multiple radiographs taken [Table/ Fig-2 and 3], confirmed the presence of four separate roots. The case was classified under Type 3 Christie et al's. classification. A biomechanical preparation was made by using crown down technique. The middle and apical third of the teeth were instrumented using flexofiles (Dentsply Maillefer) while irrigating with normal saline and 3% NaOCl. The canals were dried and obturated using lateral condensation technique with guttapercha and AHplus (Dentsply) sealer [Table /Fig-4]. A recall after one week showed that the patient was asymptomatic.The prevalence of maxillary second molar with two palatal roots is very rare. However, clinicians ought to be aware of the possibilities, as nontreatment of one canal could lead to endodontic failure.