Background: Every year in India, 1,22,844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 67,477 die from the disease. This study was done with the aim of studying the expression of p53 in pre-malignant squamous epithelial lesions of cervix.Methods: Patients coming to our institution who are undergoing biopsy for abnormal cytology/colposcopy were included in the study. Total of 39 patients were studied. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the p53 expression in cervical intra-epithelial lesions.Results: Out of 39 patients studied, p53 positivity was found in CIN 1 in38.5% cases, CIN 2 and CIN 3 in 80.75%.Conclusions: The present study has showed that p53 expression increased with increasing severity of Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and this fact can be used in clinical practice to identify those patients who require more surveillance.

Background: A birth defect or congenital anomaly is an abnormality of structure, function or body metabolism that is present at birth and results in physical or mental disability. Evaluation and management of newborns with one or more malformations present a significant challenge to the healthcare providers and families. Despite major advances in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis, malformations remain a leading cause of infant mortality. This study brings about the prevalence of congenital anomalies among antenatal patients delivering beyond the period of viability, 22 weeks in a tertiary care centre in Tamilnadu and also the pattern of anomalies, along with the associated factors. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study with nested case control design was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Taminadu for one year from July 2015 to June 2016. Those fetuses induced in second trimester following detection by ultrasound and those babies detected to have congenital anomalies by postnatal examination were included in the study. Data of 191 cases and 191 controls were collected by interviewing the mothers and reviewing the existing patient records. Relevant antenatal, natal, postnatal and past illnesses were recorded in a proforma and analysed. Results: In the study period, 191 babies out of 9877 were anomalous with a prevalence of 1.93%. Anomalies of the central nervous system were the commonest (35.6%). The ultrasound detection rate was 67.01%. Maternal age >25 years was seen in 55%. About 15.7% of the mothers had consanguineous marriage. The distribution among primigravida and multipara are almost similar.16.2% of cases had a history of infertility in the mother. 8.4% of the cases had a family history. About 4.7% cases had a history of exposure to antiepileptic drugs. Maternal diabetes mellitus and epilepsy contributed 32.5% and 4.5% of cases respectively. Intrauterine growth restriction and amniotic fluid abnormalities were commonly associated. Conclusion: The study helps to know the pattern of congenital anomalies and the relationship of various gestational and familial factors and the importance of ultrasound in diagnosing anomalies. Surveillance of anomalies should be a must and all maternity hospitals should have their own anomaly register. Parents of any surviving anomalous child should receive emotional support and reassurance.

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