No abstract

Background: The Zeus ® (Dräger, Lübeck, Germany), an automated closed-circuit anesthesia machine, uses high fresh gas flows (FGF) to wash-in the circuit and the lungs, and intermittently flushes the system to remove unwanted N 2 . We hypothesized this could increase desflurane consumption to such an extent that agent consumption might become higher than with a conventional anesthesia machine (Anesthesia Delivery Unit [ADU ® ], GE, Helsinki, Finland) used with a previously derived desflurane-O 2 -N 2 O administration schedule that allows early FGF reduction.