Lead times and their nature have received limited interest in literature despite their large impact on the performance and the management of supply chains. This paper presents a method and a case implementation of the same, to establish the behavior of real lead times in supply chains. The paper explores the behavior of lead times and illustrates how in one particular case they can and should be considered to be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). The conclusion is also that the stochastic nature of the lead times contributes more to lead time demand variance than demand variance.

The International Conference Information Systems Architecture is organized by the Wrocław University of Technology from the seventies of the last century. The purpose of the ISAT is to discuss a state of the art of information systems concepts and applications as well as architectures and technologies supporting contemporary information systems. The aim is also to consider an impact of knowledge, information, computing, and communication technologies on managing the organization scope of functionality as well as on enterprise information systems design, implementation, and maintenance processes taking into account various methodological, technological, and technical aspects. It is also devoted to information systems concepts and applications supporting exchange of goods and services by using different business models and exploiting opportunities offered by Internet-based electronic business and commerce solutions.ISAT is a forum for specific disciplinary research, as well as on multi-disciplinary studies to present original contributions and to discuss different subjects of today's information systems planning, designing, development, and implementation. The event is addressed to the scientific community, people involved in variety of topics related to information, management, computer, and communication systems, and people involved in the development of business information systems and business computer applications.This year, we received 130 papers from 17 countries. The papers included in the four proceeding volumes published by Springer have been subject to a thoroughgoing review process by highly qualified peer reviewers. Each paper was reviewed by at least two members of Program Committee or Board of Reviewers. Only 74 best papers were selected for oral presentation and publication in the v