Abstract-This paper presents research from part of a larger project focusing on the potential development of commercial opportunities for the re-use of batteries on the electricity grid system, subsequent to their primary use in low and ultra-low carbon vehicles, and investigating the life cycle issues surrounding the batteries. The work has three main areas; Examination of fleet data in detail to investigate usage in 1 st life. Batteries that have passed through a battery recycler at the end of their first life have been tested within the laboratory to confirm the general assumption that remaining capacity of 80% after use in transportation is a reasonable assumption as a basis for 2 nd life applications. The second aspect of the paper is an investigation of the equivalent usage for three different second life applications based on connection to the electricity grid. Additionally the paper estimates the time to cell failure of the batteries within their second life application to estimate lifespan for use within commercial investigations.

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Abstract-The application of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) varies in different regions of the world in terms of both level of understanding and acceptability. Employing a qualitative methodological approach, this paper aims to explore factors hindering the acceptability of the LSS initiative in organizations and list factors required for successful application and implementation in a developing economy from the perspective of LSS consultants. Using Nigeria as a case study, primary data were collected though a number of semi-structured interviews with representatives of leading continuous improvement consultancy firms in Nigeria. Finding draws out links between major factors such as drivers and motivation, LSS performance, marketability and challenges to the acceptability and applicability of LSS in Nigeria. Further findings highlight major factors such as lack of management buy-in, level of awareness, certification driven market, Nigerian environment and culture, etc as problems that hinder successful implementation of LSS in Nigeria. This paper contributes to the theoretical foundation of critical success factors required for the implementation of Lean Six Sigma, with results from the experience of a developing economy.

The new algorithm provides closed-loop control of the LP Compressor working line in such a way as to maintain compressor stability and to provide increased power from the engine at the same firing temperature. This method is intended for the Trent 60, an aero-derivative engine designated for power generation and mechanical drive applications. The power benefit is achieved by operating at higher LPC pressure ratio and thereby increasing the inlet air flow and overall pressure ratio of the engine. Since the algorithm controls the working line, the threats to compressor stability related to the working line level are removed (including production scatter, deterioration and fouling) and the required surge margin can be safely reduced, providing a significant benefit in engine performance. The paper presents comparatively the structure of the current and new concepts, the main features of the controller and stresses the improved accuracy and reliability of new algorithms. The performance benefit is then assessed; the increase in power is about 3% at ISO, sea level conditions and varies with ambient temperature.

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