We observed low rates of PEP completion among adolescent sexual assault survivors. Potential difficulties of using PEP in this population include uncertainties regarding exposure, high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, and low rates of return for follow-up care.

For midureteral and distal-ureteral tumors not amenable to endoscopic resection, distal ureterectomy with ureteral reimplantation is a treatment option. When ureteral length is insufficient for direct reimplantation, additional length can be gained with either a psoas hitch or a Boari flap. We describe our technique for robot-assisted laparoscopic distal ureterectomy and ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch.

In conclusion, non-intervention is in certain cases, an appropriate approach for managing urinary tract calculi in all locations. If such a strategy is pursued patients must be made aware of the risks associated with it and the options for intervention if subsequently required. As in many other diseases, data from surveillance studies will better inform our ability to advise individuals. CONFLICT OF INTERESTNone declared. REFERENCES