No abstract

Prepared endotracheal tubes (PETTs) are back-up airway equipment to be used in the case of a difficult intubation. A short PETT shelf life because of unknown safe storage time results in significant budget costs. This blinded, controlled study examined the pathogenic potential of PETTs in the operating room environment.

Examination of musical as well as economic dimensions yields a more complete description of a multi-billion-dollar culture industry.Since 1940, when records became the dominant form for American popular music, the industry itself has monitored public consumption (11). But despite the widespread availability of these data, they have rarely been used to identify long-term trends (9). Moreover, previous research has generally focused on production and consumption apart from other intrinsic musical dimensions (6, 7, 15). This article analyzes relationships among four descriptorsmanufacturer (market concentration), song type (musical genre), artist type (performance mode), and lyric content (vocal message). These descriptors are among the most reliably identifiable variables that capture the sound and sense of song, its performance, and manufacture.'All 628 number one recordings on Billboards general popularity chart between 1940 and 1977 were examined. Number one recordings were chosen to lessen the effect of superior promotion and distribution facilities enjoyed by larger firms (4). The results of these analyses are used to illustrate stability and change in popular music.The recording industry has traditionally been controlled by a few large manufacturers or "majors" which today usually encompass a parent company, ' Two raters (Anderson and Hesbacher) coded all recordings independently for song type, lyric content, and artist type; manufacturer coding employed reference works and record labels for documentation. When rating differences occurred for any variable (never affecting more than two recordings in a single year), they were reconciled in favor of one or the other rating.

No abstract

No abstract