This review compiles the literature on the antioxidants used after tooth bleaching with either low or high‐concentrated carbamide and hydrogen peroxide to recover the bond strength. Antioxidants used in bleached teeth are mainly natural and non‐enzymatic, except for catalase. Commonly, antioxidants are applied to remove any reactive oxygen species (ROS) residues left from bleaching gels, which adversely affect adhesive procedures, such as restorations or orthodontic brackets bonding. Even though sodium ascorbate, the most thoroughly investigated antioxidant, showed the most efficient bond strength recovery at 10% concentration, its performance depends on the type of solution and the application time. Natural extracts, such as proanthocyanidins and green tea, showed satisfactory results in the reversal of bond strength at 5% and 10% concentrations, respectively. Sodium ascorbyl phosphate, α‐tocopherol, and catalase exhibited promising results, but further research is required. The adhesive system type plays an important role in the outcome of enamel bond strength after the antioxidant application. The postponement of either restorations or orthodontic brackets cementation following bleaching procedures seems to be efficiently replaced by antioxidant application prior to bonding procedures. However, the efficacy of using an antioxidant to recover bond strength depends on its type and application time.

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SUMMARY This study evaluated intrapulpal concentration and hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration at the interface of teeth restored with bioactive composites, using conventional or bulk-fill composites. Cylindrical cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of bovine incisor crowns (n=20) and restored with: resin modified glass-ionomer (RMGI, Riva Light Cure, SDI), non-bioactive bulk-fill composite (FB, Filtek Bulk, 3M Oral Care), non-bioactive conventional composite (FZ, Filtek Z350, 3M Oral Care), bioactive bulk-fill composite (AC, Activa BioActive, Pulpedent), and bioactive conventional composite (BII, Beautifil II, Shofu). After 5,000 thermal cycles, restorations (n=10) were exposed to high (35% HP [4 applications of 8 min/session-4 sessions]) or low (9.5% HP [30 min/day-14 days]) concentration bleaching protocols. After the last bleaching application, the HP intrapulpal concentration was determined. Additional teeth were restored, pigmented with rhodamine B solution, and HP penetration around the interface was observed under laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM, n=3). The presence of gaps at the interface was observed on replicas of the cross-sectioned samples under scanning electron microscopy (SEM, n=5). Data were submitted to one-way (gap analysis) and twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA; HP intrapulpal concentration) and Tukey test (α=0.05). The LSCFM images were qualitatively analyzed. The restored teeth submitted to 35% HP presented higher HP intrapulpal concentration than teeth submitted to 9.5% HP (p<0.05). No differences in HP intrapulpal concentration was observed among groups (p>0.05) when exposed to 9.5% HP. Lower HP intrapulpal concentration was observed for teeth restored with RMGI exposed to HP 35%, when compared with teeth restored with nonbioactive conventional (FZ; p=0.004) and bulk-fill composites (FB; p=0.01). No gap formation was observed at the outer enamel adhesive interface for all restorative materials. LSCFM images showed that 35% HP promoted greater degradation of rhodamine B at the enamel, except for RMGI. In this context, RMGI promoted lower HP intrapulpal concentration than non-bioactive conventional and bulk-fill composites.

Fraturas radiculares horizontais representam 7% dos traumas dentários. Fatores como a localização da fratura, o grau de deslocamento do fragmento e condição pulpar determinam a escolha de tratamentos e prognóstico do dente. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar dois relatos de casos, bem-sucedidos com o auxílio dos medicamentos homeopáticos: Ferrum phosphoricum 6CH para a manutenção da vascularização e vitalidade pulpar no tratamento imediato e composto de Calcarea carbonica 6CH; Calcarea phosphorica 6CH e Calcarea fluorica 6CH na promoção de reparação tecidual destas fraturas. Ambos os pacientes com idade de 14 e 17 anos, respectivamente, apresentaram fraturas horizontais em terço cervical das raízes de incisivos superiores. Foram tratados com contenção radicular rígida por 20 dias, acompanhados com testes térmicos de vitalidade pulpar semanais durante 3 meses e exames de imagem por 06 anos. Os dentes mantiveram condições pulpares de normalidade, reparação tecidual das fraturas radiculares e funções mastigatórias ideais.