Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a tendência da mortalidade neonatal no Brasil de 2007 a 2017. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal, realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos, analisados por meio de regressão de Prais-Winsten. Verificou-se uma taxa média de mortalidade neonatal de 9,46/1.000 nascidos vivos no período, com redução de 2,15% ao ano. Houve maior declínio da mortalidade neonatal precoce, comparada com a tardia. Destaca-se tendência crescente dos óbitos neonatais entre neonatos pré-termos, com extremo baixo peso, nascidos de parto cesáreo, filhos de mães com idade superior a 30 anos e escolaridade superior a oito anos de estudo. Em relação às causas de morte, verificou-se tendência crescente dos óbitos por malformações congênitas, doenças infecciosas, doenças endócrinas, nutricionais e metabólicas e causas externas. Constatou-se, ainda, tendência crescente nos óbitos evitáveis por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação e por demais causas não claramente evitáveis. Apesar da redução geral dos óbitos, faz-se necessário intensificar as políticas públicas de assistência adequada à mulher na gestação para garantir melhoria nos demais indicadores analisados.

OBJECTIVE To identify the historical trend of leprosy epidemiological indicators in individuals under the age of 15 in the state of Mato Grosso.METHODS Descriptive study with trend analysis of leprosy indicators in individuals under the age of fifteen registered in the Mato Grosso’s System for Notifiable Diseases between 2001 and 2013. We used the Prais-Winsten procedure for analyzing generalized linear regression at a significance level of 5%. We considered as increasing time series when the annual percent change was positive, decreasing when negative and stationary when there was no significant difference between its value and zero.RESULTS We analyzed 2455 cases of leprosy and the average detection rate in individuals under the age of fifteen was 22.7 per 100 thousand inhabitants. The trend of the general coefficient of incidence was decreasing, with an average annual rate of -5.5% (95%CI -7.5–-3.5). Increasing trend was observed with an increase of 6.7% (95%CI 2.7–10.8) in the proportion of multibacillary cases, 9.4% (95%CI 4.4–14.7) of cases diagnosed with dimorphic clinical form and 14% (95%CI 7.9–20.4) of cases with physical disability level 2 at the time of diagnosis. There was an increasing trend in the average proportion of examined contacts, with a growth of 4.1% (95%CI 1.2–7.1) and average proportion of healing was precarious (39.7%), with stationary trend.CONCLUSIONS The historical trend of leprosy cases in individuals under the age of fifteen proved to be decreasing in the period, however the trends of epidemiological indicators such as the proportion of multibacillary cases, physical disability level 2 and healing, indicate late diagnosis with stay sources of transmission and consequent worsening of the disease in the state of Mato Grosso.

The aim of this study was to analyze trends in the detection rate of leprosy in children under 15 years of age in Brazil from 2001 to 2016. A time series study used the Prais-Winsten procedure for generalized linear regression analysis, with significance set at 5%. The mean detection rate was 5.77 per 100,000 inhabitants. However, a downward trend was observed in this rate, with an annual percent change (APC) of -5% (95%CI: -6.7; -3.3). There was a downward trend in all regions of Brazil. Among the regions, the North maintained a hyperendemic mean detection rate (≥ 10.00 per 100,000 inhabitants). The time series was downward in 19 states of Brazil. However, many states maintained a hyperendemic mean rate, such as Mato Grosso, Pará, Maranhão, Rondônia, Roraima, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Acre. Among the eight states that maintained a stationary trend, Tocantins had a hyperendemic mean rate during the period analyzed. Of the 24 Brazilian state capitals included in the study, 14 showed downward trends and 10 stationary trends. Despite the downward trend in new cases, some state capitals maintained hyperendemic mean rates (Teresina, Recife, Cuiabá, Boa Vista, Rio Branco, and Belém). Despite stationary trends, the state capital cities Palmas and São Luís recorded hyperendemic mean rates. In conclusion, although the analysis showed a downward trend in Brazil, there were stationary trends and hyperendemicity in some states and in some state capitals, highlighting the persistence of sources of transmissibility and difficulty in eliminating leprosy from the country.

The differences highlighted regarding clinical and epidemiological characteristics between the cities demonstrate the difficulty of endemic control in both municipality groups.

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