The structural elements, tridimensional aspects of the lingual papillae, yours connective tissue cores (CTCs) and the ultrastructure of the dorsal epithelium surface of the tongue of guinea pig are examined. Filiform papillae and their CTCs lie throughout the tongue surface, featuring subtypes and different shapes. Fungiform papillae are dome-shaped, and their CTCs are few, with heterogenic disposition among the filiform papillae in the lingual apex and body and in grooves stretching to the side margin among the foliate papillae towards the lingual apex. Foliate papillae are well developed, and their CTCs are composed of five pairs of parallel seams limited by deep grooves placed bilaterally in the caudal region. Two vallate papillae are observed in the caudal region and reveal specialized structures which are developed and differentiated when they present compound elements by a double epithelial projection, in a column, similar to the shape of the foliate papilla. Further, the epithelium is organized by layers with ultrastructural components. Therefore, we conclude that the structural descriptions, dimensional aspects of tongue papillae, their CTCs and the ultrastructure of the tongue epithelium of guinea pigs are similar to other rodent mammals, however, with new descriptions as double epithelial projection constituting each vallate papilla.

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Considering the physiological importance and need of greater morphophysiological knowledge of adrenal glands, the aims of present study were compare the morphometric data between left and right adrenal of male and female; perform a histological, scanning and transmission electron microscopy study showing tissue constitution of glands; finally, in order to define the presence and correct site of the cytochrome P450c17 expression in adrenal glands, immunohistochemical study of this enzyme was performed in 18 adrenal glands (right n=9 and left n=9) of nine adult Galea spixii (four males and five females). Right adrenal was more cranially positioned than left adrenal; dimensions (weight, length and width) of right adrenal was larger than left adrenal; no differences between male and female body and adrenal measurements were found; the morphology of cells and different amounts of lipid droplets may be related to the different demands of steroid hormones production, related to each zone of the adrenal cortex; and, the cytochrome P450c17 immunolocalization in fasciculate and reticular zone may be related with synthesis of 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone or androstenedione.Keywords: adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, CYP, steroidogenic enzymes, wild rodents. Glândulas adrenais de preás (Galea spixii, Wagler, 1831):aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos ResumoConsiderando a importância fisiológica e a necessidade de melhor conhecimento morfofisiológico das glândulas adrenais, os objetivos do presente estudo foram comparar dados morfométricos entre adrenais direitas e esquerdas de machos e fêmeas; realizar estudos histológicos e microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão revelando a constituição tecidual das glândulas; finalmente, foi realizado estudo imunohistoquímico com objetivo de definir a presença e correto sítio de expressão da citocromo P450c17 nas glândulas adrenais em 18 glândulas adrenais (direita n=9 e esquerda n=9) de nove Galea spixii adultos (quatro machos e cinco fêmeas). A glândula adrenal direita estava posicionada mais cranialmente que a adrenal esquerda; as dimensões (peso, comprimento e largura) da glândula adrenal direita foram maiores que as da esquerda; não houve diferença entre as medidas corpóreas e das adrenais entre machos e fêmeas; a morfologia das células e diferentes quantidades de gotículas lipídicas podem estar relacionadas a diferentes demandas na produção de hormônios esteroides relacionados a cada zona do córtex adrenal; e, a imunolocalização da citocromo P450 na zona fasciculada e reticular pode estar relacionado com a síntese de 17-hidroxi-pregnenolona, 17-hidroxi-progesterona, dehidroepiandrosterona ou androstenediona.Palavras-chave: córtex adrenal, medula adrenal, CYP17, enzimas esteroidogênicas, roedores silvestres.

O On n ''C Cr re ea at ti iv ve e C Ci it ti ie es s' ' g go ov ve er rn na an nc ce e m mo od de el ls s: : a a c co om mp pa ar ra at ti iv ve e a ap pp pr ro oa ac ch h P Pe ed dr ro o C Co os st ta a, , M Mi ig gu ue el l M Ma ag ga al lh hã ãe es s, , B Br ru un no o V Va as sc co on nc ce el lo os s e e G Gu us st ta av vo o S Su ug ga ah ha ar ra a D De ez ze em mb br ro o d de e 2 20 00 06 6 W WP P n nº º 2 20 00 06 6/ /5 54 4 O On n ' 'C Cr re ea at ti iv ve e C Ci it ti ie es s' ' g go ov ve er rn na an nc ce e m mo od de el ls s: : a a c co om mp pa ar ra at ti iv ve e a ap pp pr ro oa ac ch h DOCUMENTO DE TRABALHO WORKING PAPER D I N Â M I A C E N T R O D E E S T U D O S S O B R E A M U D A N Ç A S O C I O E C O N Ó M I C _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ OOn n ' 'C Cr re ea at ti iv ve e C Ci it ti ie es s' ' g go ov ve er rn na an nc ce e m mo od de el ls s: : a a c co om mp pa ar ra at ti iv ve e a ap pp pr ro oa ac ch h Abstract AbstractThe implementation of 'Creative Cities' projects, all over the world, in recent years, has been characterized by a great diversity of institutional frameworks and governance mechanisms.Departing from the contemporary debates on "creative industries" and "creative cities", this paper aims to discuss this diversity of regulatory mechanisms and governance forms. Some tentative typologies of case studies and governance mechanisms are drawn in order to improve the understanding of those dynamics, to build up knowledge on suitable 'Creative Cities' governance models, and to develop ideas to support a strategy for public intervention in the Portuguese case. Resumé Resumé

2012Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the tongue of the common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, HOBOKEN, v. 75, n. 10, pp. 1329-1333 ABSTRACTWe performed a macroscopic and microscopic study of the tongues of common opossums, Didelphis marsupialis, from South America. We studied two males and two females. We collected morphometric data on the tongue with precision calipers. For the light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses, we fixed tissue fragments in 10% formaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde, respectively. The opossum tongues averaged 5.87 6 0.20 cm in length, 3.27 6 0.15 cm in width at the lingual body, and 3.82 6 0.15 cm in width at the root. The mean thickness of the lingual body was 1.8 6 0.1 cm, and the thickness of the root was 3.82 6 0.15 cm. Sharp filiform papillae were scattered across the entire tongue; conical filiform papillae occurred on the lingual body and tongue tip; fungiform papillae were scattered among the filiform papillae on the lingual body and tongue tip; and there were three vallate papillae at the root of the tongue. We found two strands of papillary projections in the tongue root. Despite the low variability observed in the lingual papillae, the morphological data obtained in this study may be related to the opossum's diverse food habits and the extensive geographic distribution of the species throughout America. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1329-1333, 2012