The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyanogenic compounds contents and the microbiological and physicochemical quality of cooked cassava leaves, commercialized in the city of Belém-PA, as well as to verify the processing steps performed in agro-industries and fairs and to perform a diagnosis of the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in two agro-industries. Ten samples were collected, five from fairs and five from supermarkets and cyanogenic compounds, Salmonella spp, Bacillus cereus, coagulase-positive staphylococci, coliforms at 45 °C, mesophilic aerobes, molds and yeasts, centesimal composition, pH, and acidity were analyzed. Processes for producing cooked cassava leaves at fairs and agro-industries were verified. The GMP was evaluated by applying a checklist. The results of cyanogenic compounds ranged from 1.25 to 8.22 mg HCN/kg, being 100% above the free cyanide legislation. All the samples were in compliance with the legislation for Salmonella spp, coagulase-positive staphylococci, and Bacillus cereus. For coliforms at 45 °C, 60% of the fair and 20% of the supermarket samples were in accordance with the legislation. The results of mesophilic aerobes and molds and yeasts ranged from <2.40 to 5.38 and <2.88 to 7.30 log CFU/g, respectively. The fair samples were below the minimum recommended for humidity, lipids, and pH and the supermarket samples, below the established for ashes, lipids, and pH. Agro-industries were considered high risk in relation to GMP. Changes in processing influence the cyanogenic compounds content, as well as the GMP scarcity precede contamination. Keywords: Cassava Crop By-Product. Hydrocyanic Acid (HCN). Physicochemical. Microbiological. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de compostos cianogênicos e a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de folhas de mandiocas cozidas, comercializadas na cidade de Belém-PA, assim como, verificar as etapas de processamento executadas em agroindústrias e feiras e realizar um diagnóstico das Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) em duas agroindústrias. Foram coletadas dez amostras, sendo cinco de feiras e cinco de supermercado e realizadas as análises de compostos cianogênicos, Salmonella spp, Bacillus cereus, estafilococos coagulase positiva, coliformes a 45°C, aeróbios mesófilos, bolores e leveduras, composição centesimal, pH e acidez. Verificou-se os processos para produção de folhas de mandioca cozidas em feiras e agroindústrias. As BPF foram avaliadas através da aplicação de check-list. Os resultados dos compostos cianogênicos variara de 1,25 a 8,22 mg HCN/kg, estando 100% acima do preconizado pela legislação para cianeto livre. Todas as amostras estiveram em conformidade com a legislação para Salmonella spp, estafilococos coagulase positiva e Bacillus cereus. Para coliformes a 45 °C, 60% das amostras de feiras e 20% do supermercado estiveram em concordância com a legislação. Os resultados de aeróbios mesófilos e bolores e leveduras variaram de <2,40 a 5,38 e <2,88 a 7,30 log UFC/g, respectivamente. As amostras de feiras, estavam abaixo do mínimo preconizado para umidade, lipídios e pH e as do supermercado, abaixo do estabelecido para cinzas, lipídios e pH. As agroindústrias foram consideradas de risco alto em relação às BPF. Alterações no processamento influenciam nos teores de compostos cianogênicos, bem como a escassez das BPF são precedentes a contaminações. Palavras-chave: Subproduto da Mandiocultura. Ácido Cianídrico (HCN). Físico-Química, Microbiológica.
The main objective of this study was to characterize the socioeconomic and productive profile of family dairy farmer in the microregions of the northeast portion of the Brazilian state of Pará. A questionnaire was applied between March and April 2016 at the 20 rural properties of the cities of Castanhal, Irituia, Nova Timboteua, Peixe-boi, and São Francisco that work with dairy cattle. The dairy activity in the microregions of the northeast portion of the state of Pará is characterized by low technological and productivity indices. It is essential producers seek to improve their technical and managerial knowledge in order to optimize zootechnical and productive indicators.
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