Differences in land use systems may resulted in different soil cover, litter input, and soil management practices, and consequently affect to soil nutrient stock. The study aimed to assess soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storages on various soil depths from difference land use systems within UB forest. The research was conducted in UB forest, Malang -Indonesia, from April to November 2017. Soil sample was collected from four soil depths (0-0.1, 0.1-0.3, 0.3-0.5, and 0.5-1.0 m) within five land use systems, including (1) protected area; (2) pine + coffee; (3) pine + crops; (4) mahogany + coffee and (5) mahogany + crops, each with three replicate plots. Soil C and N concentrations, soil texture, and bulk density, were measured. The study showed significant difference in soil C and N storages among land use systems. In 0.5 m depth of soil, soil C and N storages was higher in protected area (64% and 53%, respectively) as compared to other land use systems. The result support clay content controls soil C and N stock, whereas vegetation determines soil N stocks. Therefore, proper management in vegetation and soil were needed to conserve soil C and N storages.

Analysis of the phenolics, flavonoids and tannins compounds has been done on water hyacinth leaves (Eichornia crassipessolms). The research was carried out in several stages, including: sample preparation, maceration extraction, and evaporation. The total phenolics constituted analysis by Folin Ciocalteu 50%, flavonoidss by using aluminium chloride 2% in ethanol, and tannins by using vanillin 4% solution in methanol, continued by using ultra violet visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) methods. The analysis showed that the phenolics content of water hyacinth with methanol 60% equal to gallic acid 2.72 mg /kg is the highest phenolics content, and the lowest phenolics by distilled water equal to gallic acid 1.07 mg /kg and the flavonoids with methanol 80% equal to 3.29 mg quercetin/kg is the highest flavonoids content, and the lowest by the distilled water of quercetin 1.65 mg /kg and the highest condensed tannins content by methanol 80% of 0.7 mg/kg catechin . The Fe 2+ content process with methanol 60% solution was 17.67 mg/kg, and with distilled water was 2.94 mg/kg. Solution without extract as sensitizer produced only Fe 2+ ion at 5.6 mg/kg and the extract solution without light at 0.06 mg/kg.

Inceptisols are the main agricultural soils in Indonesia. However, Inceptisols have problems such as relatively low soil fertility, due to weathering and leaching. Increased fertilization efficiency can be achieved through the use of biological fertilizers, in the form of microbial consortium and arbuscular mycorrhiza. Maize plant can be used as an indicator of soil fertility because it is very responsive to nutrient treatments. The study aimed to determine the effect of microbial consortium and Arbuscular mycorrhizal (MA) biofertilizers on the growth of corn plants on Inceptisols. The application of microbial consortium and Arbuscular mycorrhizal (MA) biofertilizer was able to increased plant height at 6 WAP (Week After Planting) by 42% and 8 WAP by 34%, root length by 142%, number of spores by 216%, mycorrhizae colonies on the root by 60%, total population of bacteria by 248%, soil pH by 5,5%, available P by 29%, and C-organic by 49%. The effective dose of microbial consortium fertilizer to increase the growth of maize plants was 0.8 g polybag -1 (M2).

In this current study, we observed Trichoderma viride strain FRP3 capability for biodegradation of glyphosate on contaminated land in Indonesia. There were two blank plots that have been involved as representatives of indigenous fungal, that prepared as control (non-contaminated soil) and P1 (GP-contaminated soil) while the treatments were represented by two plots. Plot 2 (P2) was introduced with conidia suspension of Trichoderma viride strain FRP3 one time application, and plot 3 (P3) was introduced with conidia suspension of Trichoderma viride FRP3 two time applications. At the end of observation, the CFU of two times application was the highest with CFU of 15.97 x 10 6 gr -1 soil. The CFU of P3 was corresponding to 45% higher than P2 (8.83 x 10 6 gr -1 soil). The CFU of GP-contaminated soil without conidia suspension application had 0.66 x 10 6 gr -1 soils, only 0.7% and 0.4% corresponding to P2 and P3, respectively. Direct indicator of glyphosate degradation was determined using GC analysis. Within 7 days after Trichoderma viride FRP3 was introduced, glyphosate content of treated soil decreased. This fungal strain provided 48% (P2) and 70% (P3) of glyphosate degradation higher than indigenous soil microbial community (P1) within 28 days of application.

Changes in the condition of aquatic environment are now a major problem for the survival of every organism caused by changes in land use, human activities, and agriculture. This study aims to determine the structure of macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, this study also aims to conduct analysis on BMWP index and water quality testing using physical and chemical parameters. This study was conducted on tertiary channels in Songka Sub-District, Palopo City. Each station's data collection covered relative density, macroinvertebrates that were found were assessed using BMWP index, then they were calculated using ASPT index. The results of this study found 17 taxa classified in the class of gastropods, insecta, bivalvia, malacostraca, citellata, oligochaeta and hirudenia. The results of BMWP index modification analysis from all stations found that ASPT value was "quite-poor" and "bad". It was indicated that in each station was mainly dominated by Oligochaeta worms and tolerant macroinvertebrates. Testing of physical and chemical parameters obtained DO value which belonged to class II of water quality. The low DO value caused high BOD value, which was classified in class III. The high value of BOD had an effect on the rise of COD value, the increase of COD value was caused by the high amount of organic and inorganic materials entering the water. PH value was relatively normal with the range of 6.3 to 6.8, temperature was in the range of 27.1°C to 28°C, the rise in temperature value was influenced by tree shade and the intensity of sunlight.