Aim: Glutamine is needed for optimal cell growth and for the immune system, especially in the enterocytes of gut mucosal immune responses. Low birth weight makes infants susceptible to glutamine depletion because nutrition is limited in the first week of life. To determine the effect of enteral glutamine supplementation on weight gain patterns and fecal secretory immunoglobulin A. Material and Methods:This study is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Infants were randomly assigned to the glutamine group and placebo group. The glutamine group was supplemented with glutamine 400 mg/kg/day for 14 days, and placebo group received glucose 400 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The infants were observed for 30 days. Return-to-birth-weight, weight gain velocity, and fecal secretory immunoglobulin A levels were monitored during the study. Results: Thirty-seven low-birth-weight infants were randomly assigned to the glutamine and placebo groups. The glutamine group had a shorter return-to-birth-weight time than the placebo group (8.1±0.9 vs. 11.0±1.6 days) and faster weight gain velocity (20.0±1.8 vs. 15.5±2.2 g/ kg/day) (p<0.001). Secretory immunoglobulin A levels after glutamine supplementation were higher than in the placebo group (0.456±0.057 vs. 0.376±0.035 mg/g) (p<0.001). Levels of secretory immunoglobulin A after treatment in each group were increased. However, there was a significant difference before and after supplementation between the glutamine and placebo groups (0.247±0.024 vs. 0.140±0.016 mg/g) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Enteral glutamine supplementation in low-birth-weight infants accelerates return to birth weight, increases the weight gain velocity, and the levels of fecal secretory immunoglobulin A.

The capital structure is the ratio between long-term debt and equity capital used by the company. By using a proper comparison it will obtain an optimal capital structure. Optimal capital structure is capital structure which optimizes the balance between risk and return in order to maximize the stock price. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the company's capital structure of LQ-45 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2010-2015 period. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling method that produces as many as 13 companies. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that all independent variables simultaneously affect the capital structure. T test results showed that the variable of exchange rate of US dollar against the rupiah has significant negative effect on the capital structure, the variable of tax has positive and significant impact on the capital structure, the variable of solvency has positive and significant impact on the capital structure and profitability variable has significant negative effect on the capital structure. While the variable inflation and SBI interest rate has no significant effect on the capital structure.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the inflation rate, exchange rate, SBI interest rate and Sharia stock trading volume on the performance of Sharia stocks in companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index. In this study, a research model was created using Sharia stock performance as the dependent variable. While the independent variables are the inflation rate, exchange rate, certificate of Bank Indonesia (SBI) interest rate and Sharia stock trading volume. The research method used is quantitative research method with multiple regression models using panel data. The research object employs Sharia stocks from companies that are in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI), namely Sharia stocks that are listed on the stock exchange, active, and meet the requirements of the Capital Market in Indonesia during the period January 2014 to December 2018. The object of this research includes all 392 companies using purposive sampling technique. Further, the samples used are 278 companies that meet the requirements. Based on the results, it shows that the inflation rate has no effect on the performance of Sharia stocks. Next, the exchange rate and the SBI interest rate have a significant negative effect on the performance of Sharia stocks, while the trading volume of Sharia stocks has no effect on the performance of Sharia stocks.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of death and disability. Thus, the effort to reduce the symptoms, such as dyspnea is necessity. Pursed lip breathing is assumed increasing oxygen saturation.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of pursed lips breathing in increasing oxygen saturation in patients with COPD in internal ward 2 of the General Hospital of Dr. R. Soedarsono Pasuruan on May 16 - June 30, 2017.Methods: This was a pre-experimental design with pre-posttest design. There were 24 patients with COPD selected using simple random sampling technique. Pulse oximetry (oximeter pulse fingertip) was used to measure oxygen saturation. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.Results: Findings showed p-value 0.000 (0.05), which indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after pursed lips breathing.Conclusion: There was a significant effect of pursed lips breathing on oxygen saturation in patients with COPD in the internal ward 2 of the general hospital of Dr. R. Soedarsono Pasuruan. Thus, pursed lips breathing could be applied as a nursing intervention in patients with COPD.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the gold standard of infant feeding in the first six months of their life. In Indonesia, breastfeeding practice has become a social norm among women. However, some women have experienced inadequate breast milk production especially in the first and second days after birth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endorphin and oxytocin massage on breast milk production among primiparous postpartum women and their baby weight. Methods: a quasi-experimental design was utilized with pre-test and post-test control group design.  The population in this study were 175 postpartum mothers in  Lawang Primary Health Care Indonesia. Forty  postpartum mothers were selected and allocated to the intervention and control groups. Ten women were received endorphin massage, ten were given oxytocin massage, ten mothers were received the combination of endorphin and oxytocin massage and the remaining ten were allocated into the control group. The dependent variables were breast milk production and infant body weight, whereases the independent variables were endorphin massage, oxytocin massage and combination of endorphin and oxytocin massages. Data were analyzed by using t-test followed by One Way ANOVA Test with α = 0.05 Results: The results indicated differences between the four group regarding the breast milk production and an increase in baby weight with p = 0, 00<α = 0, 05 and p = 0.046 <α = 0.05 respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the combination of endorphin and oxytocin massage is the most effective technique to increase breast milk production among postpartum women and therefore, facilitating the baby weight gain in the first six months of their life.