BACKGROUND: Pediatric endophthalmitis after open-globe injury had its clinical features, microbiological profile different from those in aldults. In Viet Nam, there was no report on the clinical and microbiological characteristic of pediatric posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Therefore, we conduct this study. AIM: To describe clinical features, ultrasound results, gram stain and culture results of endophthalmitis in pediatric open globe injuries. METHODS: Prospective non-controlled study. Case series of 30 eyes presenting with post-traumatic endophthalmitis between 2015 and 2016 were reviewed. RESULTS: Mean age was 8.03 ± 3.99 years. Metallic and organic etiologies were most common causes for injuries (n = 11). 27 cases had penetrating corneal trauma. Dense opaque vitreous was seen in 25 eyes. Retinal necrosis < 1 quadrant and chorioretinal abscess > 1 quadrant were most common fundus lesions. Dense vitreous opacity on ultrasound was most common (n = 28). Gram stain bacteria positivity was 93.3%, gram-positive were isolated in 63.3%. Vitreous samples were more often positive than aqueous (P = 0,002). CONCLUSION: Posttraumatic endophthalmitis in children is more common in boys aged 6-10 years and most often caused by injury with metallic and organic matter. Culture results were very low. Vitreous samples were more often positive than aqueous. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common causative organism.

Amorphous silica has a wide range of applications in chemical, biological and environmental sectors. In this work, we studied the preparation of amorphous silica from rice husk, an abundant silica-rich agricultural waste in Vietnam. We investigated and compared two methods of preparation: (1) via selective removal of alkaline and alkaline-earth oxides from rice husk ash to yield amorphous silica; and (2) via selective precipitation of silica from aqueous solutions which had been prepared by dissolving rice husk ask in NaOH solutions. The obtained silica was characterized by using XRD, EDX, SEM and BET techniques. The results show that the best obtained silica is a white amorphous and porous powder with high purity of SiO 2 , in the form of aggregates of 50nm-sized primary particles, and a specific surface area of 186 m 2 /g. The SiO 2 recovery is around 8.3 (g) per 100 (g) rice husk. Moreover, in the context of the present work, method (1) can be a more straightforward route for the preparation of amorphous silica in terms of silica's purity, porousity and amorphousness. In contrast, method (2) is shown for a lower grade of silica purity which could be due to strong adsorption of ions from the solution onto the amorphous SiO 2 precipitate during precipitation process. The obtained silica has promising applications as adsorbents, fillers and fertilizers.

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is a common cause of blindness in the world as well as in Vietnam. It is treated by many different methods but trabeculectomy is still the most popular and highly effective surgical method to treat this condition. AIM: To analyze the status of 5 years filtering blebs following trabeculectomy and to explore multiple factors associated with filtering blebs. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study. Eyes had been performed trabeculectomy for 5 years were included in these results. The filtering blebs were assessed using slit lamp and OCT. the OCT captured bleb area to evaluate fluid subconjunctival spaces, thickness and height of bleb and to evaluate the related factors RESULTS: A group of 106 primary glaucoma eyes of 97 patients (88 patients with 1 eye, 9 patients 2 eyes) had been performed trabeculectomy for 5 years were taken OCT anterior image. The proportion of female patients is 1.5 times that of male patients. IOP was controlled with or without topical medication in all eyes. The filtering bleb had a high echo reflection, which accounted for 42.5%, the average echo reflection was 38.6%, the low echo reflection response of 18.9%. 66% of the eyes had the aqueous space under the conjunctiva, 65.1% have the aqueous space under sclera flap, the average height of the bleb on OCT was 0.4 mm ± 0.3 mm. Young patients often have a higher rate of bleb fibrosis and loss of function than older patients CONCLUSION: OCT is capable of assessing the function of bleb. After 5 years of trabeculectomy, on the OCT image, most cases of blebs are maintaining drainage function.

Blended learning has been widely applied in Vietnamese higher education in recent years. In blended learning, student satisfaction is regarded as a decisive factor in assessing whether blended learning courses are successful or not. This paper assesses the students' satisfaction with a blended English language learning course and with four groups of criteria, including course contents, teaching methods, exercises on LMS (Learning Management System), and assessment tasks. An online survey with 250 students from a Vietnamese university reveals that students have a high level of satisfaction with the course and other criteria. Furthermore, a strong linear relationship has been identified between the overall satisfaction of the whole course and the students’ progress after the course. The findings are expected to promote and improve blended learning practices in Vietnam universities with practical implications for course developers and other stakeholders.

BACKGROUND: Dry eye (DE) can effect on quality of life by pain, inability to perform certain activities that require prolonged attention (driving, reading,…) and productivity at work and finally effect to Q0L associated with DE. OSDI is scale questionnaire is created team to measure the quality of life related to ocular surface disease. AIM: To describe the dry eye disease according to OSDI scale and related factors of this disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on outpatients (≥ 16-year-old) who were examined and diagnosed with dry eyes at Vietnam National Institute Of Ophthalmology from April to July 2018. Data was collected using the OSDI questionnaire. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 44.6 years; 80.9% of patients were female; 39.9% were identified having mild dry eye. The related factors have been identified that associated with severe dry eye, including age OR = 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01-1.05, p = 0.005), binocular good vision OR = 0.11 (95%CI: 0.05-0.23; p < 0.0001), medical history OR = 17.09 (95%CI: 2.24-130.25; p < 0.0001), chronic conjunctivitis OR = 0.36 (95%CI: 0.14-0.91; p = 0.027), refractive errors OR = 0.14 (95%CI: 0.04-0.48; p < 0.0001), Sjogren's syndrome OR = 31.13 (95%CI: 7.08-136.76; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Several related factors have been identified associated with severe dry eye, including: age, binocular good vision, medical history, chronic conjunctivitis, refractive errors, Sjogren's syndrome.