Onion extract improved hypertrophic and keloids scars via multiple mechanisms. However, it was statistically ineffective in improving scar height and itching. For this reason, onion extract therapy should be used in combination with an occlusive silicon dressing to achieve a satisfying decrease in scar height.

Background/Aims: In this study, the different types of arterial diameter measurement methods were com-pared with each other on rat model. Methods: The study was planned in three phases. In phase 1, all subjects (n = 30) underwent high resolution B-mode ultrasound examination and external diameter of the right com-mon carotid artery (RCCA) was measured. In phase 2, RCCA was explored. In phase 3, rats were put into three groups. Group 1 was kept at -20^oC, group 2 was embedded in 4% formaldehyde solution. In group 3, circulatory system was filled with %20 latex solution. In all groups, digital image of the RCCA was taken after the processes mentioned above. Images were assessed by Image – Pro Plus software. Results: The greatest average diameter was observed in the high resolution B-mode ultrasound (phase 1). In group 1 and 2, direct measurement of the RCCA on living animal (phase 2) gave significantly wider diameter than those obtained at phase 3 in the same groups. Direct (phase 2) and latex (phase 3) measurements were equal in group 3. Conclusion: High resolution B-mode ultrasound gives larger, probably actual diameter of the artery. Latex injection results might correspond those encountered during operation

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Aim of this report is to present a patient who has had a retrobulbar bullet in his left orbit after gunshot injury and had full recovery after surgery. A Syrian boy aged 2.5 years was referred to our emergency after a gunshot injury from left temple. First examination showed stable vital functions; the boy was conscious but had marked proptosis and edema on the left eye. Left intraorbital bullet was observed in X-ray and computed tomography. The exact localization of the bullet and the integrity of the left eye cannot be determined because of shining in computed tomography. Under general anesthesia, lateral and inferior orbitotomy was performed and 3-cm long bullet was excised, which was obliquely localized in the retrobulbar, intraconal area. Ten days later, the patient was sent to his homeland with almost full recovery and minimum sequela.