Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees. is considered as the herb of the future due to its precious chemical compounds, andrographolide (ANDRO), neoandrographolide (NAG) and 14-deoxyandrographolide (DAG). This study aims to profile the metabolites in young and mature leaf at six different harvest ages using 1HNMR-based metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated noticeable and clear discrimination between young and mature leaves. A comparison of the leaves stage indicated that young leaves were separated from mature leaves due to its larger quantity of ANDRO, NAG, DAG, glucose and sucrose. These similar metabolites are also responsible for the PCA separation into five clusters representing the harvest age at 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 weeks of leaves extract. Loading plots revealed that most of the ANDRO and NAG signals were present when the plant reached at the pre-flowering stage or 18 weeks after sowing (WAS). As a conclusion, A. paniculata young leaves at pre-flowering harvest age were found to be richer in ANDRO, NAG and DAG compared to mature leaves while glucose and choline increased with harvest age. Therefore, young leaves of A. paniculata should be harvested at 18 WAS in order to produce superior quality plant extracts for further applications by the herbal, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

Abstrak: Masyarakat desa Perpanden dominan bekerja sebagai petani tanaman hortikultura dan perkebunan. 15 petani mitra yang tergabung dalam kelompok tani Mekar Jaya membudidayakan sayur dan buah sepanjang tahun. Permasalahan yang dihadapi petani mitra adalah rendahnya produktivitas dan ketergantungan pada pupuk kimia. Kelangkaan pupuk kimia bersubsidi seperti urea dan NPK menyebabkan harga pupuk tinggi di pasaran sehingga petani tidak mampu membelinya. Untuk itu tim pengabdian bertujuan untuk memberikan pendampingan dan pelatihan pembuatan eco enzyme dan PSB sebagai pupuk organik dari limbah sayur dan buah. Metode pelaksanaan PKM dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu tahap sosialisasi dan tahap pelatihan. Hasil akhir pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan sebesar 85,3% terhadap pemahaman dan kemampuan petani membuat eco enzyme dan PhotoSyntetic Bacteria (PSB).Abstract: Perpanden villagers predominantly work as horticultural crops and plantation farmers. 15 partner farmers who are members of the Mekar Jaya farmer group cultivate vegetables and fruit throughout the year. The problems farmer are low productivity and dependence on chemical fertilizers. The scarcity of subsidized chemical fertilizers such as urea and NPK causes the price of fertilizer to be high in the market so that farmers cannot afford it. For this reason, the service team aims to provide assistance and training in the manufacture of eco enzyme and PSB as organic fertilizer from vegetable and fruit waste. The PKM implementation method is divided into two stages, namely the socialization stage and the training stage. The final result of the service showed that 85.3% there was an increase in the understanding and ability of farmers to make eco-enzymes and PhotoSynthetic Bacteria (PSB).

Healthy food is food that is rich in fiber, therefore this study was conducted to see the difference in the making of sweet bread by substituting wheat flour to Suweg tuber flour which is believed to be higher in fiber and better, besides that the treatment is to add CMC concentration in the manufacture of sweet bread. The Objective of this study was to obtain the best substitution effect of wheat flour and Suweg tuber flour in terms of nutritional value and quality of sweet bread and to determine the effect of CMC concentration in the manufacture of sweet bread. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with two factorials. Factor I is the ratio of wheat flour and flour (T) consisting of 5 levels, namely T0 = 200: 0, T1 = 180: 20, T2 = 160: 30, T3 = 140: 60, T4 = 120: 80. Factor II is CMC concentration (C) consists of 3 levels, C1 = 0.37, C2 = 0.75, C3 = 1.12. Observational parameter tests carried out were color organoleptic tests, texture organoleptic tests, flavour organoleptic tests, taste organoleptic tests, expansion volume, water content, ash content, fat content, fiber content, and protein content. The results showed that the ratio of wheat flour and Suweg tuber  flour had a very significant difference (p<0.01) on color organoleptic, flavour organoleptic, texture organoleptic, taste organoleptic, dough volume expansion, moisture content, content fat content, protein content and crude fiber content, while the concentration of CMC was very significant (p<0.01) on color organoleptic, texture organoleptic, dough volume expansion organoleptic, water content, protein content, fat content, and crude fiber content.

Plant irrigation water needs are important things to be met so that the plant growth is optimal starting from the vegetative phase to the generative phase. The current hot issue among potted fruit growers is the problem of dropping the ovary (pistil) on the plant. Many factors cause the fall of plant fruit, one of which is lack of water. This certainly needs special attention considering the nature of the water apple plant itself, in this study, especially the green honey water apple, it consumes quite a lot of water every day. To overcome the problem of water shortages in the green honey water apple plant, it is necessary to first know the average plant water requirement in pots through water content analysis in the laboratory at three stages of analysis and calculation of Pot Water Requirements (PWR) and Efficiency Needs Irrigation Water. Average Field Capacity Moisture Content of the potted planting media sample was 49.37%, Air Dry Moisture Content was 24.27 % and PWR 4.36 liters with an efficiency of irrigation water requirement for bulk systems (hand move or portable) of 5, 12-5.81 liters and a drip irrigation system (point source emitter) of 4.84-5.45 liters.

Background: Clinacanthus nutans, also known as ‘Sabah snake grass’ or ‘Belalai gajah’, is a herb well known locally for its medicinal values. The primary chemical constituents of the leaves are schaftoside, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin and isoorientin, and antiviral activity is shown by two glycoglycerolipids. Despite the importance of C. nutans, complete information with respect to commercial production and postharvest handling of the herb in the local herbal industry is still lacking. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the optimum postharvest handling processes that could retain the phytochemicals quality of C. nutans. Materials and Methods: The flavonoid compounds of C. nutans were analysed by using ultra fast liquid chromatography (UFLC). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined using a spectrophotometer. Results: The total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in C. nutans were found to be higher in the young vegetative stage than in the mature vegetative stage. Flavonoid compounds (schaftoside, isovitexin, vitexin and orientin) were also found to be highest in the young vegetative plant compared to the mature vegetative plant. All of the assayed phytochemicals and flavonoid compounds levels were found to be highest in oven dried samples compared to the sun, air and solar dried samples. Conslusion: This study suggests that oven-drying young vegetative C. nutans plant material is the optimum method to retain postharvest quality.