These results suggested that VA may induce apoptotic mechanisms but not through the p53 pathway. In addition, FA effectively prevents the teratogenic influence of VA on chick embryo at neurulation stages by stopping cascade of apoptosis before caspase 3 expression.

Background/aim: In regions such as Şanlıurfa, Turkey, where the fertility rate is high, suitable health policies to easily and successfully treat urinary incontinence (UI) are needed. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for UI among women in the region. Materials and methods:The participants in this cross-sectional study were selected by using 30 cluster sampling methods. A total of 300 women in the age group of 15-49 years were contacted to participate. Results:The prevalence of UI was 39.3% among women in this sample but only 8.0% actually received treatment. The logistic regression analysis showed that UI risk is increased 1.8 times by chronic diseases, 2.7 times by menopause, 3.4 times by uterine prolapse, and 9.12 times by cystocele. Conclusion:UI is a common health problem among the women in the study region; however, these women do not actively seek treatment for this problem.

Objective: Healthcare workers are exposed to many biological agents at their workplace environment. The objective of this study is to determine the level of exposure to occupational infectious diseases, and vaccination and immunization status of healthcare workers in Şanlıurfa. Methods: This is a cross-sectional research carried out in all institutions affiliated to the Directorate of Public Health and all hospitals in Şanlıurfa between March and April 2013. A total 6849 healthcare workers working in Şanlıurfa at the time of the study composed the population of the research. A sample was not chosen and all of the population was included in the research. The number of healthcare workers reached in scope of the research was 2804 and the total participation level was 41%. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Healthcare workers stated that 31.1% had acquired measles, 12.1% had acquired rubella, 34.2% had acquired mumps and 33.9% had acquired chickenpox. The vaccination rates of healthcare workers were 27.0% against measles, 15.0% against rubella, 14.4% against mumps and 12.8% against chickenpox. While 11.1% of healthcare workers had acquired hepatitis A, 16.8% of them were vaccinated against hepatitis A. 5.7% of healthcare workers had acquired hepatitis B and 63.8% of them have had at least 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccination. The percentage of healthcare workers who had completed their primary tetanus-diphtheria (Td) immunization was 49.7% and the percentage of the Td vaccination after primary immunization was 38%. Conclusions: An important part of healthcare workers don't know their occupational disease exposure and vaccination status, and also they do not have their immune status tested. Occupational health units should be established in all healthcare centers and the medical examination, education and recording practices should be carried out without delay.

AIm:The objective of this study is to examine the effects of radiation of mobile phones on developing neural tissue of chick embryos. mAterIAl and methOds: There were 4 study groups. All Groups were placed in equal distance, from the mobile phones. Serial sections were taken from each Group to study the neural tube segments. results:The TUNEL results were statistically significant (p<0.001) at 30 and 48 hours in the third Group. We found low Bcl-2 levels partly in Group 4 and increased activity in Group 3. Caspase-3 was negative in the 48 and 72 hours in the Control Group, had moderate activity in the third Group 3, weak activity in the 48 hour, and was negative in the 72 hour in other groups. Caspase-9 immunoreactivity was weak in Group 1, 2 and 3 at 30 hours and was negative in Group 1 and 4 at 48 and 72 hours. Caspase-9 activity in the third Group was weak in all three stages.COnClusIOn: Electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones caused developmental delay in chick embryos in early period. This finding suggests that the use of mobile phones by pregnant women may pose risks.

enrolled by a family health center were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was applied. The levels of HBsAg and anti-HBs measures were taken from family health centers records. Results: HbsAg seropositivity was 3.2% in pregnant women. HBsAg seropositivity was 5.1 times in seasonal farmworker and 18.9 times greater in families with a history of hepatitis B (p<0.05).