Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) constitutes the active ingredient of many successful bioinsecticides used in agriculture. In the present study, the genetic diversity and toxicity of Bt isolates was investigated by characterization of native isolates originating from soil, fig leaves and fruits from a Turkish collection. Among a total of 80 Bt isolates, 18 of them were found carrying a vip3 gene (in 23% of total), which were further selected. Insecticidal activity of spore/crystal mixtures and their supernatants showed that some of the Bt isolates had significantly more toxicity against some lepidopteran species than the HD1 reference strain. Five isolates were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine the Cry protein composition of their crystals. The results identified the Cry1Ac protein and a Cry2A-type protein in all isolates, Cry1Ea in 3 of them and Cry1Aa in one. The sequence analysis of the new vip3 genes showed that they had a high similarity to either vip3Aa, vip3Af or vip3Ag (94–100%). The vip3Aa gene of the 6A Bt isolate was cloned and sequenced. The protein was named Vip3Aa65 by the Bacillus thuringiensis Nomenclature Committee. The expressed and purified Vip3Aa65 protein was tested against five lepidopteran species and its toxicity compared to that of a reference protein (Vip3Aa16). Both proteins had similar toxicity against Grapholita molesta and Helicoverpa armigera, whereas Vip3Aa65 was less active than Vip3Aa16 against three species from the Spodoptera genus. A tetrameric structure of the Vip3Aa65 protein was detected by gel filtration chromatography. The study revealed some isolates with high insecticidal activity which can be considered promising candidates to be used in pest control.
Defined and semi-defined medium-based feeding strategies were developed to enhance recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by Bacillus subtilis BGSC-1A178 (scoC (-)) strain carrying pMK4::pre(subC)::hGH. Defined medium-based feeding strategies were designed by exponential feeding of glucose and (NH4)2HPO4 at two pre-determined specific growth rates, µ 0 = 0.10 and 0.17 h(-1). Semi-defined medium-based feeding strategies were designed by exponential feeding of substrate solution consisting of glucose, (NH4)2HPO4, peptone, and trace salt solution (PTM1) at three pre-determined specific growth rates, µ 0 = 0.10, 0.17, and 0.25 h(-1). At all the strategies applied, transition cultivation time from batch to fed-batch operation was t T = 4 h. The highest rhGH concentration was obtained as C rhGH = 0.5 g L(-1) with semi-defined medium-based feeding strategy designed with µ 0 = 0.25 h(-1) using feed substrate stock solution containing 200 g L(-1) glucose, 117 g L(-1) (NH4)2HPO4, 100 g L(-1) peptone, and 5 mL L(-1) PTM1 at t = 22 h when the cell concentration reached to C X = 8.29 g L(-1). The overall product and cell yields on glucose were obtained as [Formula: see text] = 7.21 mg g(-1) and [Formula: see text] = 0.12 g g(-1), respectively. The results indicate the requirement of designing continuous feed stream in fed-batch production to enhance rhGH production by r-B. subtilis.
COVID-19 pandemisi tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alsa da pandemiden en çok etkilenen örgütlerin başında sağlık kurumlarının geldiği açıktır. Özellikle özel hastaneler; işgücü üzerindeki baskılar, faaliyetlerde kesintiler, mali sıkıntılar gibi çeşitli zorlukları bir arada yaşamış ve eşi görülmemiş bir krize tanık olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, özel hastanelerin pandeminin yol açtığı krizi yönetme süreçlerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda Ankara ilinde faaliyet gösteren 20 özel hastanenin yöneticisi ile 03.02.2022- 31.03.2022 tarihleri arasında yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmış ve kriz yönetimi beş aşamada takip edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre hasta sayısındaki (normal ve takipli hasta dışındaki) artış yöneticiler için krizin önemli bir sinyali olmuştur. Yöneticilerin aldıkları önlemlerin büyük bir bölümü insan kaynaklarına yönelikken hasar sınırlamaya ilişkin uygulamaları ağırlıklı olarak mali ve finansal alanlarda olmuştur. Kurumlarının güvenli olduğunun ve hijyen belgesi sahipliklerinin hastane web sitelerinden duyurulması, yöneticiler tarafından rutin faaliyetlerde toparlanmanın araçları olarak kullanılmıştır. İnsan kaynaklarının güçlendirilmesinin gerekliliği pandemi krizinden çıkarılan derslerin başında tanımlanmıştır. Çalışma, ortaya koyduğu bulgularla gelecekteki olası salgınlara ve diğer krizlere hazırlıklı olma konusunda yöneticiler için ipuçları sağlama potansiyeline sahiptir.
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