Study Objectives: To compare the mean duration of phototherapy in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia receiving phototherapy with vs. without probiotics. Study Design and Settings: It was a randomized controlled trial carried at Department of Pediatrics, DHQ Hospital Kasur from Jan 2021 to June 2021. Patients and Methods: The present research involved 94 neonates of both genders aged between 2 to 28 days of life diagnosed of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (serum bilirubin level ≥15mg/dL and direct bilirubin level ≤1.5 mg/dL). These neonates were allocated into two groups randomly. Neonates in Group-I were given probiotics along with conventional treatment of phototherapy whereas neonates in Group-II received conventional phototherapy alone. Study outcome was described in terms of mean duration of phototherapy (phototherapy was stopped when serum bilirubin level was less than 10 mg/dl during the first week and less than 11 mg/dl after the first week) which was recorded and compared between the groups. An informed written consent was taken from parents of every neonate. Results of the Study: The mean age of the neonates was 6.54±4.96 days while the mean gestational age was 37.31±2.04 weeks. There were 55 (58.5%) baby boys and 39 (41.5%) baby girls with a boys to girls ratio of 1.4:1. The mean weight of the neonates was 2.89±0.49 Kg while the mean serum bilirubin level upon admission was 16.73±1.19 mg/dl. The mean duration of phototherapy was significantly shorter in neonates receiving probiotics along with phototherapy as compared to phototherapy alone (3.13±0.92 vs. 3.81±1.12 days; p=0.002). Similar significant difference was observed across various subgroups based on age, gender, gestational age, weight and serum bilirubin level upon admission. Conclusion: Addition of probiotics to conventional practice of phototherapy alone in jaundiced neonates was found to hasten the recovery evident from significant reduction in the mean duration of phototherapy advocating its routine use in future practice. Keywords: Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, Phototherapy, Probiotics

Background: Malocclusion shares the third highest prevalence among oral pathologies, second to tooth decay and periodontal diseases. Objectives: In general, many studies have been conducted to find out the association between blood groups and oral and dental pathologies, for instance, some have succeeded; others have not due to the geographic diversity. So the study aimed to explore the relationship of ABO blood groups with classes of malocclusion and relative prevalence of these characters in males and females of a defined population. Method: The current study was performed on 500 individuals with an age range of 15 to 45 years, along with permanent dentition only, reporting to the department of orthodontics of Punjab dental hospital, Lahore. Complete details about the classes of malocclusion and blood group of the subjects were noted in accordance with the ABO blood group system. The sample was divided into three groups, i.e., Class I, Class II, and Class III. Data were analyzed statistically by using SPSS 21.0. Pearson Chi-square was used as statistical analysis to get the association of classes of malocclusion with blood group type. Result: A significant difference between the prevalence of classes of dental malocclusion in relation to blood group types was found among both genders. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was gender wise association difference between the classes of dental malocclusion and blood group types. The study also covered the gender wise prevalence of dental malocclusion in all the four blood groups which are A, B, AB and O. The new findings will be helpful for clinicians with regards to preventive orthodontics. The research findings are a good and informative addition to the present literature as well as provides a ground for further research studies in the same area.

A case of congenital methemoglobinemia presenting at birth is reported. The clinical signs, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and management of this disorder are discussed.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the oral health status as well as gender-wise difference related to periodontal diseases status among cancer survivors. Method: Data of this crossectional study was collected from 100 cancer survivors from two hospitals. Data was analyzed using chi-square. Results: The descriptive statistics revealed that 62% participants showed very poor oral health whereas 38% participants reported poor oral health. Greater chewing difficulties were reported by 70% of the participants and 30% participants reported normal problems in chewing. Problem in speaking was reported at higher level by 58% participants whereas 42% participants reported less difficulty in speaking. Gender wise difference related to periodontal diseases among cancer survivors revealed that more males were found healthy as compared to females, greater number of females had gum bleeding, calculus and 4-5mm tooth pocketing as compared to males and higher number of males had 6mm or greater tooth pocketing as compared to females. Conclusion: In conclusion, cancer survivors have poor oral health status as well as they suffer from periodontal diseases.

Objective: The objective was to determine the frequency of sufficient knowledge, positive attitude and good practice of parents about feeding pattern of children with malnutrition. Study Design: It was a Cross-Sectional Study.