The lutR gene, encoding a product resembling a GntR-family transcriptional regulator, has previously been identified as a gene required for the production of the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin in Bacillus subtilis. To understand the broader regulatory roles of LutR in B. subtilis, we studied the genome-wide effects of a lutR null mutation by combining transcriptional profiling studies using DNA microarrays, reverse transcription quantitative PCR, lacZ fusion analyses and gel mobility shift assays. We report that 65 transcriptional units corresponding to 23 mono-cistronic units and 42 operons show altered expression levels in lutR mutant cells, as compared with lutR + wild-type cells in early stationary phase. Among these, 11 single genes and 25 operons are likely to be under direct control of LutR. The products of these genes are involved in a variety of physiological processes associated with the onset of stationary phase in B. subtilis, including degradative enzyme production, antibiotic production and resistance, carbohydrate utilization and transport, nitrogen metabolism, phosphate uptake, fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis, protein synthesis and translocation, cell-wall metabolism, energy production, transfer of mobile genetic elements, induction of phage-related genes, sporulation, delay of sporulation and cannibalism, and biofilm formation. Furthermore, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay performed in the presence of both SinR and LutR revealed a close overlap between the LutR and SinR targets. Our data also revealed a significant overlap with the AbrB regulon. Together, these findings reveal that LutR is part of the global complex, interconnected regulatory systems governing adaptation of bacteria to the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase.

Lately, it has been seen that wireless communication systems have been more developed and there has been a huge demand for multi-spectral transactions. Using circuits for more than one function is a serious requirement in communication technology. Especially, it expected from RF output stages to show the same performance on more than one frequency. To that end, it is required to produce a solution with wideband designs. In this study, a novel power divider/combiner design with a layered conic line has been investigated for the RF energy harvesting applications. The center frequency was set at 2 GHz and concluded with three different designs. In each design, bandwidth and S parameter characteristics were compared according to the number of layers of the transmission, and it was observed that as the number of layers increases, the bandwidth also increases. According to the design result, triple layer Wilkinson power divider was selected to connect to Villard voltage doubler circuit. The Wilkinson power combiner circuit inputs were given between −10 dBm and 5 dBm input power. As a result, when low input power was given, efficiency was observed about 70%. K E Y W O R D S impedance matching, RF energy harvesting, Villard voltage Doubler, Wilkinson power divider/combiner

Neonicotinoid insecticides, known for their selectivity and low mammalian toxicity, have been widely used in recent years as alternatives to organophosphate insecticides. Although neonicotinoids are generally considered to be safe, data show that they can cause harmful effects on human and environmental health. Due to the lack of information on their mechanism of toxicity, the effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on DNA methylation as the most used marker for epigenetic effects were investigated in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The cells were exposed to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in concentrations of 100, 200, and 500 μM for 24 hours, then global DNA methylation and expression of genes involved in global DNA methylation ( DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b) were investigated. Global DNA methylation significantly increased after imidacloprid exposure at 100 μM, and thiamethoxam exposures at 200 µM and 500 μM (>1.5-fold). Imidacloprid significantly decreased the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a, whereas thiamethoxam did not cause any significant changes in the expression of DNMT genes. Our findings suggested that alteration in global DNA methylation may be involved in the toxic mechanisms of imidacloprid and thiametoxam.

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Kentlerde meydana gelen kentsel yığılmalara bağlı olarak gelişen sağlıksız mekânların oluşması, arazi kullanımının sağlıksız biçimde genişlemesi kentsel sürdürülebilirlik kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Sürdürülebilir kentleşme mekânsal gelişme hedeflenirken bugünün ihtiyaçlarını gelecek kuşakların kendi ihtiyaçlarını karşılamasına mâni olmayacak yöntemlerle karşılayan, koruma-kullanma dengesi kavramına atıfta bulunarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir kentleşme konusunda yapılmış kayda değer pek çok çalışma, sürdürülebilir kentleşmeye dair 40'tan fazla gösterge ortaya koymuştur. Çevresel süreç olarak bakıldığında ise, mevcut kaynak akışındaki kısıtlamaların dikkate alınarak tabii kaynakların bilinçli ve bilinçsiz tüketiminin ortadan kaldırılması bugün ve gelecek kuşak adına önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, sürdürülebilir kentleşme üzerine yapılan araştırmalar ışığında sürdürülebilirlik prensiplerini genel hatları ile ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma konusu olan Buldan yerleşkesi planlama alanında sürdürülebilir kentleşme prensipleri temelinde mekânsal, çevresel, ekonomik ve kültürel politikalarının ve yol haritasının oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma, stratejik mekânsal yaklaşımı temel alan yöntem kurgusu temelinde, arazi tespit ve gözlem çalışmaları çerçevesi ve GZFT analizi ışığında ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda, tarihte dokuma kenti olarak değerlendirilen Buldan yerleşmesi bütününde sürdürülebilir bir kentleşme modeli tanımlanabilmiştir. Bu model sürdürülebilir gelişme kavramında kent plancılara ve karar alıcılara rehberlik edebilecek çevresel, mekânsal, ekonomik ve kültürel bileşenlerden oluşan bütünleşik bir plan kurgusunu içermektedir.