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The cross was made between '03B1-23 ' and 'Sei-Monaco in 2005'. After the evaluation of the characteristics under shade culture in summer and retarding culture in spring and consecutive selection from 2006 to 2008, 'Secret Pink' was selected finality. The natural flowering time of 'Secret Pink' was the middle of October, and it is possible to flower all year round by shade and light culture. It has single type flowers with pink petals. The growth of plant was very vigorous and response time was 6.5 weeks. The diameter of flower was 6.7 cm. Number of flowers per stem and petals per flower were 14.5 and 25, respectively. Days to flowering under the short day treatment was about 50 and its vase life was 25.5 days in autumn season.

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The apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars Empire, McIntosh, Delicious, Triple Red Delicious, and Vermont Spur Delicious were grown on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium containing 4.4 μm BA, 0.5 μm IBA, 1.3 μm GA3, 87.6 mm sucrose, and 7 g·liter−1 Difco Bacto-agar. All cultivars produced significantly more total shoots and shoots >1 cm (usable shoots) on a 16-hr compared to a 24-hr photoperiod. Removing the apical meristem significantly increased both the total and usable shoots only for ‘Triple Red Delicious’. Placing explants horizontally on the medium significantly increased the number of total and usable shoots for all cultivars except ‘McIntosh’. Internode length was significantly reduced for ‘Delicious’, ‘Triple Red Delicious’, and ‘Vermont Spur Delicious’ and increased for ‘Empire’ on 24-hr photoperiods. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA); gibberellic acid (GA3).

Abstract. The aims of this study were to compare genetic distances among 14 Phalaenopsis varieties using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker systems and to determine the discrimination using SSR. A total of 111 SSR primers and 30 SRAP combinations were initially screened. Twelve SSR primers and thirty SRAP combinations showed high polymorphism among the 14 Phalaenopsis varieties including domestic breeding varieties, conserved in National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS). The amplified DNA fragments were separated by denaturing acrylamide gels and detected by silver staining method. A total of 474 polymorphic bands, including 55 by SSRs and 419 by SRAPs, were identified and used for genetic diversity analysis. Polymorphic bands were scored for calculating a simple matching coefficient of genetic similarity and cluster analysis with multi-variate statistical package (MVSP) 3.1. Fourteen Phalaenopsis varieties were classified into three major groups at similarity coefficient value of 0.683 and 0.66 using SRAP and SSR, respectively. Also we could discriminate these domestic breeding Palaenopsis varieties using only SSR 20 and SSR 22. The results indicate that SSR analysis is effective for discrimination among Phalaenopsis varieties and SRAP is useful for genetic diversity when there is no sequence information. These studied SSR and SRAP markers will be useful tools for genotype identification, germplasm conservation and genetic relationship study in Phalaenopsis.