This study explores preferences for a set of attributes that characterize the recreational value of Calligraphy Greenway, the most notable greenbelt in Taichung City, Taiwan. As an urban green space, the Calligraphy Greenway has its own recreational attributes and visitors' preferences. This study uses the choice experiment method to determine visitors' preference levels for five major attributes to improve the recreational quality. On average, each visitor visited there 9.15 times in the past year and spent 2.37 h per visit. Of the five recreational attributes, satisfaction with recreational activity opportunities had the highest score and satisfaction with cultural landscape resources had the lowest score. The importance is ranked in the order of recreational service quality, total recreational cost, environmental landscape resources, cultural landscape resources and recreational activity opportunities. Considering difference of groups, female visitors were more concerned with cost and activities but male visitors were more concerned with service quality and natural/cultural landscape resources. Local visitors were more concerned with cost and activities but non-local visitors were more concerned with environmental/cultural landscape resources. Both were concerned with service quality. Based on the results, this study makes the following recommendations: cultural landscape resources and quality of recreational services and facilities should be improved and more complete interpretative educational guidance should be provided to increase visitors' willingness to visit. Additionally, it is suggested to set up various districts to cater for preferences of different visitor groups.

In recent years, gold bumping process has been applied extensively for the package technology of liquid crystal display driver integrated circuit, which is an essential component in portable devices. Because the increasing requirement of highdefinition display devices, the gold bumping process has become more difficult and it is requested to be of high quality with very low fraction of defectives. Unfortunately, conventional methods for product acceptance determination no longer work because any sample of reasonable size probably contains no defective gold bump product items. In addition, in the globally competitive manufacturing environment, gold bumping processes involving multiple manufacturing lines are quite common in the Science-Based Industrial Park in Hsinchu, Taiwan, because of economic scale considerations. In this paper, we provide analytical solutions to gold bump product acceptance determination, which provide both manufacturers and customers to reserve their own rights by compromising on a rule for gold bumping process with multiple manufacturing lines. For the convenience of inplant applications, we tabulate the number of required inspection units, the critical acceptance values for various manufacturer's risks and consumer's risks, and various number of manufacturing lines. For illustration purpose, a real application in a gold bumping factory, which is located in the Science-Based Industrial Park in Hsinchu, Taiwan, is included.

In this article, we consider the supplier selection problem for two-sided processes with multiple independent characteristics. We review the existing division method and develop a new exact approach called the subtraction method. For practical applications, a two-phase selection procedure is established based on the subtraction method. The decision powers of two methods are compared. We show that the subtraction method we proposed is indeed more powerful than the existing division method. Several figures are presented to display the required sample sizes with various powers and various values of (C T pk1 , C T pk2 ). For the convenience of practitioners, the required sample sizes for the two methods with various powers and various values of (C T pk1 , C T pk2 ) are also tabulated.

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Process yield has been the most basic and common criterion used in the manufacturing industry as a base for measuring process performance. Boyles considered a measurement formula called S pk , which establishes the relationship between the manufacturing specification and the actual process performance, providing an exact (rather than approximate) measure of process yield. Unfortunately, the sampling distribution and the associated statistical properties of S pk are analytically intractable. In this paper, we consider the natural estimator of the measure S pk . We investigate the accuracy of the natural estimator of S pk computationally, using a simulation technique to find the relative bias and the relative mean square error for some commonly used quality requirements. Extensive simulation results are provided and analyzed, which are useful to the engineers for factory applications in measuring process performance.