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A hitherto-unknown atavistic muscle in the dog initiated a review of the literature on the homologies and nomenclature of the forelimb flexors in carnivores and man. A consequence is that we recommend a revision of the nomenclature in the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (Ithaca, New York, 1983) so that it is in agreement with the Nomina Anatomica (Wilkins, Baltimore, 1983). This revision mainly consists of the incorporation of the terms M. palmaris longus and Mm. flexores breves manus.

In six among a series of forty hind limbs of the domestic dog, the M. flexor digit. superficialis revealed an additional head, which otherwise manifests itself as a tendonless muscular slip, fused with the superficial digital flexor. The comparative anatomy of the M. soleus in various terrestrial carnivores leads to the conclusion that this additional head and the homologue muscular slip represent the M. soleus.

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