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This report is one of a series prepared by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy on treatment of biomass gasification wastewaters. Other reports have dealt with biological treatment, carbon adsorption, chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, solvent extraction, and wet air oxidation. All the reports include results of experimental work on a laboratory scale. Wastewater used in these studies came from the experimental Synthesis Gas From Manure (SGFM) biomass gasifier at Texas Tech University.

A03 ,051-075 A M 1076-1M) 4 A05 < 101-125 A06 i126-150 A07 , 't91-175 MY)

Production of synthetic fuels will increase in the next two decades due to competitive economics and the world market for petroleum derived fuels. Increasing demand for synfuels has resulted in the need to determine the impact that synfuels production may exert on the environment. In particular, the goal of this program is to determine how to mitigate spills of synfuels and synfuel intermediaries. This chapter estimates synfuels production through the year 2000, and identifies, based on case histories, the synfuels most likely to be spilled. This information will be useful in evaluating cleanup methodologies. Synthetic fuels are derived from oil shale, coal, tar sands, and biomass. This paper offers production projections for shale oil, directly and indirectly liquified coal, tar sands syncrude, ethanol, and methanol. Direct coal liquefaction processes include solvent refined coal (SRC) II, Exxon donor solvent (EDS), and H-coal. Indirect coal liquefaction processes include Fisher-Tropsch, M-gasoline, and methanol formation. Significant amounts of methanol will probably be made through coal liquefaction.