It is found that the deviation of an effective potential from the quartic form is related to the metric and vector torsion dependencies of the effective potential in the vector torsion coupled conformally induced gravity.

This paper proposes a compact spiral antenna with an improved bandwidth and miniaturized radiator for 3:1 (2‐6 GHz) wideband antenna beamforming arrays. The proposed antenna is composed of an Archimedean spiral antenna (ASA) with an annular ring and additional dielectric substrates with a circular hole. The spiral and ring radiators are printed between two substrates made of FR‐4, with a dielectric constant of 4.5 and thickness of 1.524 mm. The size of the antenna is 30 mm × 30 mm × 3.048 mm (0.2λ × 0.2λ × 0.02λ at the lowest frequency). The reduction rate of size is up to 15% compared with a conventional ASA using an annular ring, and it also has low‐profile characteristics.