Introduction An association between the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS) and clinical outcomes in patients with a small renal mass (SRM) has been proposed. We analyzed clinical outcomes according to the RNS in patients with a SRM treated with percutaneous contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Material and methods Patients with a SRM, who underwent RFA between January 2005 and March 2015, were retrospectively identified. The association between RNS and clinical outcomes was evaluated using parametric and non-parametric analysis. Results We analyzed 163 SRMs in 149 consecutive patients. The mean age was 71.7 years. Mean follow-up time was 33.3 months ±20.6 (2–102). The mean RNS was 5.6 ±1.52 (4–11). A total of 121 (74.2%) cases were of low complexity and 42 (25.8%) were medium complexity. We identified 11 cases of tumor persistence (6.7%). The mean RNS was 5.58 in the cases with no persistence and 5.73 in the cases with persistence (p = 0.788). We identified 15 (9.2%) cases of recurrence. The mean RNS was 5.57 ±0.1 (4–11) in the cases without recurrence and 5.73 ±0.4 (4–9) in recurrence cases (p = 0.804). Of the 76 biopsy proven RCC cases, 8 (10.5%) cases of recurrence were observed, 5 in the low complexity group and 3 in the medium complexity group (p = 0.690). A total of 9 (5.5%) cases of complications were observed, with 5 (4.3%) in the low complexity group and 4 cases in the medium complexity group (p = 0.23). The mean length of stay was 1.5 days with a significant difference between low and medium complexity groups (1.3 vs. 2.1 days, p = 0.02). The mean difference between preoperative eGFR and estimated eGFRat 12 months was -3.08 mL / min ±13.3 (-49.4–34.1) and was significant (p = 0.008).However, this variation did not show significant differences between the low and medium complexity groups (p = 0.936). All-cause mortality was 11.7%, 14 cases (11.6%) in the low complexity group and 5 (11.9%) in the medium complexity group (p = 1.0). No cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) specific mortality were identified. Conclusions The RNS was not associated with tumor persistence, recurrence, cancer specific mortality, complications or renal function 12 months after the first treatment, showing significant difference only in length of hospital stay between low and medium complexity groups.

In this article, some of the most common objections to Misesian thought will be assessed from a Catholic theological perspective. Beginning with an analysis of the most frequent criticisms advanced against his rational- ism, it will proceed to examine those directed against Mises’ conception of lib- erty and individualism. Finally, a review and evaluation of some of the most relevant objections to his economic understanding will be presented. Dwelling into the, more o less conscious, depths of all the philosophical, cultural, psycho- logical or, even, religious assumptions of Mises’ vast thought, in order to fully tease out his ontological or moral foundations, would probably be not only beyond the reach of the present article but of any one single article, and hence is not attempted. Its scope is much more modest. It pretends to analyze these objections from a praxeological perspective, limiting itself to bring into better focus the possible incompatibility or incongruity, if these indeed exists,  of Mises’ thought with freedom and reason. Keywords: Mises, theology, objections, freedom, reason JEL Classification: A13, B53, P16, P16, Z12, Z13 Resumen: Este artículo se propone examinar algunas de las objeciones más comunes al pensamiento miseano desde una perspectiva teológica católica. Se iniciará con un análisis de las críticas más frecuentes sobre su racionalismo, para, luego, analizar las dirigidas contra su concepción de la libertad y del individua- lismo, respectivamente. Se abordarán ulteriormente las críticas más relevantes que han sido dirigidas contra la moralidad de algunos aspectos de su visión eco- nómica. En las siguientes páginas, no se pretende descender hasta las profundi- dades, más o menos conscientes, de todos los presupuestos filosóficos, culturales, psicológicos o, incluso, religiosos del pensamiento miseano, tamizando, de esta manera, completamente sus fundamentos ontológicos o morales. Su alcance es mucho más modesto. Pretende un análisis de estas objeciones desde una pers- pectiva praxeológica, limitándose a señalar la posible incompatibilidad o incon- gruencia, si es que existen, del pensamiento miseano con la libertad y la razón. Palabras clave: Mises, teología, críticas, libertad, razón Clasificación JEL: A13, B53, P16, P16, Z12, Z13

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