(1974). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 49, 927. Congenital hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris muscle: a genetically determined condition? The frequency of hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle was 37 cases among 4 530 consecutive births (8 -2 %). Diagnosis was based on clinical and electromyographic studies. Severe congenital anomalies were detected in 3 of the 37 cases, while another 3 newborns had minor congenital defects. In 17 of the 37 cases there were first-or second-degree relatives with lower lip asymmetry. A minimum of 13 out of the 74 parents of the probands were affected. The high incidence of affection among first-degree relatives of the probands is strong evidence of hereditary factors playing a role in the aetiology of this anomaly.

The concentrations of five cephalosporins and amoxicillin in breast milk were studied in 42 voluntarily participating lactating mothers using standard assay methods. Each mother received one single dose of 1 g of either an orally or intravenously administered antibiotic. Amoxicillin, cephalexin, and cefadroxil were given orally, and peak milk concentrations averaged 0.81 +/- 0.33 microgram/ml at 5 hours, 0.50 +/- 0.23 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 1.64 +/- 0.73 microgram/ml at 6 hours, respectively. Cephalothin, cephapirin and cefotaxime were given as an i.v. bolus injection, and peak milk concentrations at 2 hours averaged 0.47 +/- 0.14 microgram/ml, 0.43 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml and 0.32 +/- 0.09 microgram/ml, respectively. The high concentrations of cefadroxil can be explained by its low rate of elimination and higher fat solubility. Milk/serum ratios for all antibiotics were increasing as serum concentrations were diminishing, especially with cephalothin and cephapirin whose serum concentrations are rapidly declining. The significance of bactericidal concentrations in breast milk remains to be evaluated.

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