Multi-crystalline silicon solar cell was fabricated using crystalline p-substrates with emitter front contact of n-type crystalline silicon. This paper reviews that an efficiency of the Multi-crystalline silicon solar cell which was analysed to demonstrate the surface recombination of the substrate that affects the performance of the solar cell, was investigated in detail by computer simulation using PC1D software. The surface recombination was found to be a key factor to affect the performance of the solar cell. A detailed simulation studies were analysed. Accordingly, the optimization of the multi-crystalline silicon solar cell on c-Si substrates was provided.