This trial demonstrates that percutaneous nephrolithotomy without nephrostomy or stent is a safe and well tolerated procedure in selected patients. Length of stay was reduced with no major complications in either group. We believe that totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be considered an accepted standard of care for selected cases and it is possible to reserve placement of a nephrostomy tube or internal ureteral stent for specific indications.

This study demonstrates that PCNL without nephrostomy or stent is a safe and well-tolerated procedure in selected patients. It is the authors' belief that totally tubeless PCNL may be considered an accepted standard of care for selected patients, and it is possible to reserve placement of a nephrostomy tube or internal ureteral stent for specific indications.

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