The adaptability of Tilletia controversa was studied in particular relation to China, where wheat is cultivated under various climatic conditions. Teliospore germination is closely influenced by temperature, light and soil humidity. Establishment of T. controversa depends on: (1) persistent low temperature (0–10°C) within the surface layer of the soil, in combination with adequate soil moisture; (2) presence of seedlings of susceptible wheat cultivars, especially in the early stage of tillering before or during overwintering. The climatic conditions of various wheat‐growing areas in China were compared with the results obtained in this study, and areas of prevalent damage and of marginal damage were predicted. It was concluded that T. controversa presents a considerable hazard to China if it accidentally enters.