A 14-year-old girl presented with short stature and progressive virilization. She had not undergone the menarche. On investigation, she had elevated testosterone, androstenedione, dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels, which were all suppressed by overnight dexamethasone to within their normal ranges. An initial diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency was revised to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency after a tetracosactrin stimulation test, which showed only a modest rise in 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone level (from 92 nmol/l at baseline to 133 nmol/l at 60 minutes) and measurement of the basal 11-deoxycortisol, which was grossly elevated. Treatment with dexamethasone 0.5 mg nocte resulted in suppression of androgens in the daytime, but not in the evening, particularly androstenedione. Treatment with hydrocortisone 10 mg b.d. failed to suppress testosterone or androstenedione over a 24-hour period. Addition of cyproterone and oestrogen supplements had no effect and significant virilization persisted. Laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy was therefore performed as definitive treatment and resulted in remarkable clinical and biochemical improvement. This case illustrates difficulties in correct diagnosis, choice of appropriate steroid regimen and monitoring efficacy of treatment in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. More aggressive management with earlier bilateral adrenalectomy may be appropriate in selected cases.

Chondrocalcinosis was detected in 10 of 32 patients with hyperparathyroidism. Those with chondrocalcinosis had greater parathyroid activity than those with no chondrocalcinosis. They were also older. These findings suggest that chondrocalcinosis is caused by the combined effects of sustained hypercalcaemia and age-related changes in articular cartilage.