Abstract:Background: Clinically, chronic nephrotoxicity may lead to renal functional impairment and progress to end stage renal failure. The renoprotective effect of a flavonoid naringin (NG) against cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in this study. Methods: Nephrotoxicity was induced in male albino Wistar rats by injecting 25 mg/kg body weight of CsA for a period of 21 days. CsA-induced rats were also cotreated with 40 mg of NG/kg body weight, orally. Results: After the experimental period, the levels of lipid peroxides (TBARS) and hydroxyl radical (OH ) were found to be elevated, whereas the levels of SOD, catalase, glutathione, vitamin C, E and A were decreased in CsA-induced rats. NG co-treatment significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxides and hydroxyl radicals and restored the levels of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in renal tissues. Histological analysis revealed that CsA administration caused severe and widespread necrosis with dilatation of proximal tubules, vacuolization, tubular cell desquamation and intraluminal cast formation with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells. CsA-induced histopathological renal changes were minimal in animals which received NG treatment. The western blot and confocal microscopic expression of heme oxygenase-1 was restored by NG. In CsA-induced animals the expression was reduced compared to NG treated animals. Conclusions: The present study reveals that NG can act as effective renoprotective drug against CsA-induced toxicity.

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The oxidative modification of lipoprotein especially low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Serum apolipoproteinB (apoB) level is found to be an important marker for atherosclerosis. The present paper focuses on the measurement of serum apoB levels and the effect of Vitamin E, Vitamin C and reduced glutathione on the copper ion induced oxidation of LDL + VLDL (VLDL-Very Low Density Lipoprotein) lipoprotein fraction isolated from the serum of chronic renal failure (CRF) and renal transplanted patients. The level of apoB is significantly higher in the serum of transplanted patients when compared to CRF patients and normal subjects. The level of TBARS formed in oxidized LDL + VLDL lipoprotein fraction of CRF and renal transplanted patients are significantly increased than normal even in the presence of antioxidants but the level of TBARS produced with antioxidants is comparatively lesser than that produced by oxidized lipoprotein fraction without antioxidants. It may be concluded that oxidation of LDL can be prevented at an earlier stage by Vitamin E supplementation. The supplementation with Glutathione serves as the best method of preventing the lipoprotein oxidation among the renal diseased patients.

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