Phenetic analysis of all the black pepper cultivars in Malaysia is crucial to determine the morphological difference among them. The objective of this study is to ascertain the morphological distinctness and interrelationships among the cultivars to ensure registration of each variety under the Plant Variety Protection Act, as a prerequisite toward implementation of a monovarietal farm policy in the future. Cluster analysis revealed that cultivars “Semongok Aman” and “Semongok 1” have high distinctness values for identification; thus, varietal diagnosis for the two cultivars is easy. Cultivars “Nyerigai,” “India,” “Semongok Perak,” and “Semongok Emas” were grouped in the most diverse clusters among the ten cultivars studied. The four cultivars have a similarity index as high as 92%; however, investigation of leaf width, leaf width-length ratio, seed weight, and conversion rate (fresh to black pepper) gives the ability to determine the characteristic differences. Cultivars “Lampung Daun Lebar” and “Yong Petai” have a similarity of 96%; however, the two showed distinctive differences in leaf width, leaf length-width ratio, spike thickness, and spike length characteristics. On the contrary, cultivars “Kuching” and “Sarikei” showed the highest similarity index, at 98%, and thus are among the most difficult cultivars to diagnose the morphological difference. However, the principle component analysis showed that the fruit size and seed diameter were the important diagnostic key characteristics. Overall, the leaf width, leaf width-length ratio, fruit spike, and conversion rate characteristics are among the key characteristics to differentiate among cultivars of black pepper in Malaysia. At the same time, the principle component analysis carried out has enlightened some interrelationships on the morphological characteristics between cultivars. This information is crucial for the future of the plant varietal improvement program in Malaysia.

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A new species, Gonystylus othrnanii Tawan (Thymelaeaceae) from Sarawak (Borneo) is described and illustrated. It is considered to be endemic to Sarawak. The morphological differences between the new species and related taxa are included. 0 1999 The Linnean Societv of London ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS:-Bako National Park ~ dipterocarp forestendemism -

This paper reviewed general botanical description of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cultivar by previous botanist, based on uniqueness of Malaysian black pepper cultivars characteristics. Ten important cultivars have been verified i.e. cv. ‘Semongok Aman’, cv. ‘Kuching’, cv. ‘Semongok Emas’, cv. ‘Semongok Perak’, cv. ‘Semongok 1’, cv. ‘Nyerigai’, cv. ‘India’, cv. ‘Lampung Daun Lebar’, cv. ‘Sarikei’, and cv. ‘Yong Petai’. The qualitative and quantitative traits distinctness for each cultivar has been highlighted to assist cultivar identification. Vouchers (dried specimens) for the ten cultivars have also been prepared and deposited at herbarium that located at University Malaysia Sarawak and the duplicates at Malaysian Pepper Board, Kuching. Besides, distribution of each cultivar has also been documented based on information sourced from Malaysian Pepper Board.