No abstract

When incubated in preconditioned medium, i.e. spent media from the hepatocellular carcinoma (PLC/PRF/5) cell cultures, human embryonic liver (HEL) cells differentiate and acquire oncologic phenotypes. This is caused by transcriptional alterations in fetal gene expression. This occurs when hepatocytes are proliferating rapidly and secreting alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and later when the quiescent state is reached with secretion of albumin (ALB). The present studies examined the parameters signaling oncologic transformation during liver cell differentiation in the conditioned medium. mRNAs coding for AFP, ALB and HBsAg were isolated from HEL, adult liver cells (ADLC) and from PLC/PRF/5 cells, respectively. cDNA molecules complementary to these polysomal mRNA molecules were constructed and labeled with ³²P. These tracers were used to quantitate changes in cellular mRNA • AFP, mRNA • ALB and mRNA·HBsAg directly by DNA molecular hybridization during HEL cells cultivation in the preconditioned medium. Under these conditions, the changes in cellular mRNA·HBsAg and mRNA • AFP correlated with an increased tumorigenicity in athymic Nu/Nu mice, membrane galactosyltransferase and phospho-tyrosine kinase activities.

L o t h a r H. Hussman, M.D., Charles S i r a k i , M.D.; and B e r t h o l d O s t e r t a g , M.D. ABSTRACT. S p e c i f i c p i c t u r e s i n A-scope u l t r a s o n o g r a m s a r e r e l a t e d d i r e c t l y t o b i o l o g i c a l changes i n t h e b r a i n , by o u r f i n d i n g s . T h i s r e l a t i o n s h i p a p p e a r s i n edema, c i r c u l a t o r y d i s t u r ba n c e s , a n a t o m i c a l a b n o r m a l i t i e s , d e g e n e r a t i v e c e r e b r a l d i s e a s e , normal p r e s s u r e h y d r o c e p h a l u s , space-occupying l e s i o n s , b r a i n damage i n s e v e r e l y burned p a t i e n t s , c o n v u l s i v e d i s o r d e r s , and even i n b r a i n d e a t h . Experiments done w i t h M e t r a z o l and e l e c t r o s h o c k have e l u c i d a t e d t h e s e rel a t i o n s h i p s as t o c o n v u l s i v e d i s o r d e r s and b r a i n death; U l t r a s o n i c d i a g n o s i s t h e r e f o r e e x t e n d s beyond t h e s o -c a l l e d s h i f t of t h e m i d l i n e s t r u c t u r e s . Changes i n e l a s t i c p a r a m e t e r s ( r i g i d i t y and f l a c c i d i t y ) and dynamics of c i r c u l a t i o n and v e n t r i c l e p u l s a t i o n s are r e l e v a n t f a c t o r s modif i e d by t i s s u e p o l a r i z a t i o n . W e b e l i e v e o u r f i n d i n g s open new avenues f o r c l i n i c a l u s e of echoencephalography, which some have t h o u g h t had r e a c h e d i t s l i m i t s i n merely d e t e r m i n i n g s h i f t s i n t h e m i d l i n e complex. White i n 1973 w r o t e t h a t i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o p r ed i c t what e f f e c t a x i a l tomography w i l l have upon t h e f u t u r e development of u l t r a s o n i c encephalography, b u t w e today have no doubt t h a t t h e f u t u r e i s i n e e d v e r y b r i g h t and t h a t t h e EM1 s c a n n e r need n o t f r i g h t e n us i n t h e l e a s t . On t h e c o n t r a r y , we a r e v e r y much encouraged and q u i t e i n agreement w i t h White, who a l s o c l a i m s i n t h e same p a p e r t h a t "range v a r i a t i o n s from s i n g l e i n t r a c r a n i a l i n t e r f a c e s s h o u l d c o n t i n u e t o b e i n v e s t i g a t e d " and t h a t i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e g i s t r at i o n of slow p r e s s u r e changes, more i n f o r m a t i o n of c l i n i c a l v a l u e can b e a c q u i r e d by t h i s s i m p l e noni n t r u s i v e t e c h n i q u e . " T h e r e f o r e w e can b e much more a f f i r m a t i v e and p o s i t i v e i n o u r c o n v i c t i o n t h a t , a l l i n a l l , " l a r g e and rewarding f i e l d s " i n t h e u s e of d i a g n o s t i c u l t r asonography s t i l l a w a i t c u l t i v a t i o n . I t i s h e l p f u l t o compare u l t r a s o n i c t r a n s -s k u l l v i s u a l i z a t i o n w i t h t h e t e c h n i q u e of computerized a x i a l tomography. During a r e c e n t Chicago symposium on t h i s new s c a n n i n g d e v i c e , i t becam...