Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation p =0.025). Treatment of the underlying disease proved to be protective against mortality with an HR of 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.98, p = 0.046). Conclusions: The prognosis of HLH could be related to the treatment of the underlying disease. The study of the pathophysiology of this syndrome will allow a better understanding and treatment. (Rev Med Chile 2017; 145: 344-350)
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