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Since 2000, six new super-heavy elements with atomic numbers 113 through 118 have been synthesized in hot fusion reactions of 48 Ca beams on actinide targets. These target materials, including 242 Pu, 244 Pu, 243 Am, 245 Cm, 248 Cm, 249 Cf, and 249 Bk, are available in very limited quantities and require specialized production and processing facilities resident in only a few research centers worldwide. This report describes the production and chemical processing of heavy actinide materials for super-heavy element research, current availabilities of these materials, and related target fabrication techniques. The impact of actinide materials in super-heavy element discovery is reviewed, and strategies for enhancing the production of rare actinides including 249 Bk, 251 Cf, and 254 Es are described.

Synopsis Orchardgrass‐alfalfa produced 2.5 tons per acre each year consisting of 35% alfalfa regardless of nitrogen level. Ladino clover in mixture 1 disappeared by the end of the second year and the remaining tall rescue or orchardgrass responded as pure‐grass stands. The grasses yielded 1.0 to 2.9 tons per acre with 0 to 360 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Orchardgrass stands were markedly thinned with 240 pounds or more of nitrogen.

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