Treatment of primary monosymptomatic enuresis with 10 sessions of parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation plus behavioral therapy proved to be effective. However, no patient had complete resolution of symptoms.

Enuretic children are at a high risk for experiencing some kind of punishment. Children whose parents had enuresis are at risk for being physically punished. Parents should be taught about the involuntary nature of enuresis and the fact that no punishment would help improve the condition.

No abstract

The foraging behavior of social wasps may vary throughout the day in response to different factors, including environmental variation and interspecific interactions. Body size is known to play a critical role in determining daily activity patterns in ecological communities. However, the body size characteristics of most species of social wasps is poorly known, as well the relationship between body size and foraging schedules. In this study, we evaluated the extent to which body size determines the patterns of daily activity in a community of social wasps. We found a high temporal overlap in most of the species pairs tested. The pattern of daily foraging activity fits a bimodal distribution for the majority of the species. Moreover, we found a relationship between body and foraging time; in general, smaller species tended to begin foraging in the early hours of the morning, in contrast to larger wasps, which began foraging later. These results suggest that patterns of foraging activity in social wasps are likely to be the result of complex interactions between many different factors, including body size.