Pengkajian mengenai biaya transaksi dalam adopsi benih padi Varietas Unggul Baru dilakukan di Desa Tangkil, Kecamatan Sragen, Kabupaten Sragen, Provinsi Jawa Tengah pada Juni-November 2018. Tujuan pengkajian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi biaya transaksi dalam mengadopsi benih padi varietas unggul baru. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa: Faktor yang mempengaruhi besar kecilnya biaya transaksi dalam adopsi benih varietas unggul baru adalah: karakteristik petani; karakteristik teknologi, dan kepastian hasil. Keterbatasan rasionalitas petani mengakibatkan kurang dapat menangkap informasi yang diberikan oleh benih padi varietas unggul baru, sehingga diperlukan biaya informasi yang dikeluarkan oleh produsen benih/ pemerintah melalui biaya pembuatan demplot/ demfarm dan atau leaflet serta teknik diseminasi lain. Biaya informasi adopsi benih padi varietas unggul baru dapat lebih efektif menggunakan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK). Kurangnya informasi tentang karakter teknologi padi varietas unggul baru yang diterima petani merupakan salah satu penghambat adopsi, di samping faktor-faktor lainnya, seperti umur tanaman, produktivitas, ketahanan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit, rasa nasi, serta pertimbangan ekonomi seperti harga pasar atau kemudahan memasarkan. Biaya transaksi tertinggi yang dihadapi petani dalam adopsi benih padi varietas unggul baru adalah resiko kegagalan panen Pengurangan biaya transaksi dapat dikurangi seminimal mungkin melalui elemen kepercayaan, sehingga benih perlu diproduksi di desa dan atau yang berada pada komunitas petani.

Climate change has been affecting agricultural water resources dynamics spatially and temporally. This article presents analysis results of climate change impact on agricultural water availability in Cimanuk Watershed, Indonesia. STREAM was utilized to model agricultural water availability through FAO MOSAICC web application. Climate spatial data time-series were generated using 3 Global Climate Model (GCM), i.e.,: CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, and MPI-ESM-MR following two climate change scenarios of RCP4.5 and 8.5. Model inputs were split into three periods of 1981–2010 (historical), 2010–2039 (near-future), and 2040–2069 (far-future). Historical data model validation showed the efficiency coefficient of the observed and simulated discharge data ratio was 0.68. The results showed a decreasing volumetric water availability from all generated climate data and scenarios, identified by comparing the discharge normal distribution of the historical and future data periods. Whereas, trend analysis of RCP4.5 scenario showed increasing maximum discharge of Cimanuk river using CanESM2 and MPI-ESM-MR GCM’s data, with a Mann–Kendall coefficient of 3.23 and 3.57. These results indicate a different agricultural water balance status within the watershed area, particularly a “very critical” water balance in Indramayu and Majalengka, “critical” in Garut, and “close to critical” in Sumedang Regency.

The use of non-certified seeds in rice farming in rainfed rice fields is still relatively high, around 60%. The objectives of this study (1) to analyze the comparison between the use of certified and non-certified rice seeds, (2) to measure the increase in the efficiency of input use and increase of profits with the use of certified seeds. The study was carried out in Semarang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesian with a survey method. The data collected were analyzed descriptively using a comparison method between farmers who used certificated and non-certified seeds. The study's findings showed that the average productivity of rice using certified seeds was 5.41 tons/ha of dry milled grain, while the average productivity of rice using the non-certified seeds was 4.91 tons/ha. The profit obtained in rice farming using certified seeds was as much as 16,154,000.00 IDR per hectare, while the profit using the non-certified seeds was as much as 14,626,000.00 IDR per hectare. In rice farming using certified seeds, an R/C ratio of 2.81 was obtained, while those using non-certified seeds obtained an R/C ratio of 2.71. The study results showed that the use of certified seeds had increased the efficiency of input use and profits in rice farming.

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<p>The meat consumption in Indonesia is still relatively low, thus the opportunity to increase beef cattle production (population) as a meat production is relatively high. Therefore, a study on the balance of population in Central Java was carried out in order to analyze the population balance of beef cattle in Central Java. The explorative observation study and field survey was carried out in Banyumas, Purworejo, Jepara, Boyolali regencies and Surakarta, Semarang, Pekalongan. Whereas for Province central java level we used desk study method. The results of the study show that the dynamics of livestock population is determined by fertility, mortality, buchering, input and output of the livestock in certain area. The dynamic of beef cattle in Central Java in the last ten years (1995-2004) has increased 0.91 approximately. However, the increase during 2004-2005 estimated only 0.22%. central Java’s contribution to national meat production is 12.75% with increasing on production during 1997-2004 is 6.56%. this development is higher than the population increasing (0.91%/year). The increase of beef cattle population in Pekalongan is the highest (73.50%) though its population is the lowest (285 beef cattles in 2004). The decrease population is in Semarang (-10.06%) and jepara Regency (-1.68%). Implicitly it show thet in the<br />period, the quantities of buchering beef cattle is over the birth level.</p><p>Key words : Balance population, demand of beef, cattle</p>