The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) was born in the mid-twentieth century to describe endeavours in computer science focusing on the simulation of human learning. Since then, advances in computing, data collection and data storage have made AI an increasingly important area for researchers and practitioners across a range of disciplines in business and the social sciences. Despite that, there appears to be very few attempts at cataloging and condensing prior research in this area. As such, this paper uses the VOSViewer data visualizer to determine the major authors in the field and to identify themes and concepts emanating from prior research.

False information that appears similar to trustworthy media content, or what is commonly referred to as ‘fake news’, is pervasive in both traditional and digital strategic communication channels. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliographic analysis of published academic articles related to ‘fake news’ and the related concepts of truthiness, post-factuality, and deepfakes. Using the Web of Science database and VOSViewer software, papers published on these topics were extracted and analysed to identify and visualise key trends, influential authors, and journals focusing on these topics. Articles in our dataset tend to cite authors, papers, and journals that are also within the dataset, suggesting that the conversation surrounding ‘fake news’ is still relatively centralised. Based on our findings, this paper develops a conceptual ‘fake news’ framework—derived from variations of the intention to deceive and/or harm—classifying ‘fake news’ into four subtypes: mis-information, dis-information, mal-information, and non-information. We conclude that most existing studies of ‘fake news’ investigate mis-information and dis-information, thus we suggest further study of mal-information and non-information. This paper helps scholars, practitioners, and global policy makers who wish to understand the current state of the academic conversation related to ‘fake news’, and to determine important areas for further research.

Poly(butylene succinate)/bamboo fiber (BBF) biocomposites were prepared by melt blending method. Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP) was used as flame retardants to prepare flame retardant BBF biocomposites. The thermal degradation and flame retardant properties of BBF biocomposites were investigated. The volatilized products of the thermal degradation of flame retardant BBF biocomposite are saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated alkane, CO2, carboxylic acid, acid anhydride, aromatic compounds, NH3, and CH3OH. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of flame retardant BF biocomposites decrease substantially compared with that without MCAPP. The pHRR value of flame retardant BBF biocomposites decreases from 443.2 to 236.2 kW m−2 and the THR value decreases from 62.0 to 36.1 kW m−2. Furthermore, MCAPP shows the best flame retardant property at the same loading, compared with other flame retardants such as Mg(OH)2, and Al(OH)3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Created a new damage model for explosive for LS-DYNA3D, taking advantage of the Taylor method aimed at the high gassy and low permeability coal seam, and numerically simulated and analyzed the deep-hole presplitting explosion. The entire process of explosion was represented, including cracks caused by dynamic pressure, transmission and vibration superposition of stress waves, as well as cracks growth driven by gas generated by explosion. The influence of the cracks generated in the process of explosion and the performance of improving permeability caused by the difference of interval between explosive holes were analyzed. A reasonable interval between explosive holes of deephole presplitting explosions in high gassy and low permeability coal seams was proposed, and the resolution of gas drainage in high gassy and low permeability coal seam was put forward.

With the development of human genome sequencing and techniques such as intestinal microbial culture and fecal microbial transplantation, newly discovered microorganisms have been isolated, cultured, and researched. Consequently, many beneficial probiotics have emerged as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Currently, “safety,” “individualized treatment,” and “internal interaction within the flora” are requirements of a potential NGPs. Furthermore, in the complex ecosystem of humans and microbes, it is challenging to identify the relationship between specific strains, specific flora, and hosts to warrant a therapeutic intervention in case of a disease. Thus, this review focuses on the progress made in NGPs and human health research by elucidating the limitations of traditional probiotics; summarizing the functions and strengths of Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium hallii, and Roseburia spp. as NGPs; and determining the role of their intervention in treatment of certain diseases. Finally, we aim to provide a reference for developing new probiotics in the future.