A literatura revela que as tribos Psychotrieae e Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) têm problemas de delimitação de gêneros e espécies e sugere a necessidade de novos estudos, particularmente de natureza morfológica. Neste contexto, a presente investigação objetiva o estudo da estrutura floral e a morfologia de coléteres de nove espécies de ambas as tribos. A análise foi executada em botões florais e flores de material botânico obtido de plantas coletadas em diferentes vegetações e de exsicatas de vários herbários. O material botânico foi emblocado em historresina e secionado em micrótomo de rotação. As sépalas exibem mesofilo homogêneo ou dorsiventral. As pétalas, em geral, têm mesofilo homogêneo. Os coléteres pertencem ao tipo standard evidenciando diferenças especialmente na morfologia do pedúnculo. Todas as espécies têm compitum e podem ser consideradas eussincárpicas. O ovário é inferior e exibe placentação basal em Psychotrieae e axial em Spermacoceae. Caracteres como ausência de feixes vasculares invertidos na parede do ovário e vascularização ascendente dos óvulos indicam a natureza apendicular do ovário. Alguns caracteres relacionados ao perianto, coléteres e vascularização da parede e septo do ovário podem ser úteis na separação das espécies. O tipo de placentação é caractere seguro para separar Psychotrieae de Spermacoceae.
Spermacoceae sensu lato is a tribe of the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae) that is referred in the literature with problems of generic delimitations. Recent investigations on the systematics, taxonomy and floristics of Brazilian species of Rubiaceae confirm this trend in the tribe, and suggest new phylogenetic and multidisciplinary studies on the group. In this context, the present paper aimed at the morphoanatomical analysis of the flowers of nine species of Spermacoceae, belonging to the genera Emmeorhiza, Galianthe, Mitracarpus, Richardia and Spermacoce, in order to indicate characters that have significant potential in the taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe. Floral buds and flowers from vegetation in different environments were embedded in historesin and sectioned in a rotation microtome. Sepals exhibit glabrous or hairy epidermis and homogeneous mesophyll or they have atypical palisade parenchyma. Petals consist of hairy or glabrous epidermis and homogeneous mesophyll. Anthers are tetrasporangiate, and they possibly show dicotyledoneous anther wall formation. The ovary is inferior and probably appendicular in nature, consisting of mesophyll with parenchyma and precursor tissue of the sclerenchymatous pyrene of the fruit. Presence of compitum in the ovary and style characterizes the species as eu-syncarpous. The study revealed that floral structural characters related to the perianth, gynoecium and nectary have significant taxonomic potential within Spermacoceae sensu lato.
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